Learn Python in Only 30 Minutes (Beginner Tutorial)

0:00 this video was brought to you by IND dentle IO

0:03 learning python Made Simple how's it going everyone about 4

0:07 years ago I made a python crash course which recently

0:10 blew up and I thought 4 years is a lot of time so it's time to make an updated

0:15 course and this video will be useful if you are

0:17 a beginner the only two requirements I have for this video

0:20 is that you have python installed and you have

0:23 your own code editor installed for this tutorial I'm

0:26 going to be using pycharm it's completely free and you

0:29 can find it on the jet brains website anyway let's

0:33 get started the very first thing we're going to learn

0:35 is how to run our very first script so here

0:38 we're going to type in one of the most popular

0:40 commands in any programming language and that is print hello

0:44 world as you can see I'm using some quotation marks

0:47 followed by some text and this is important when

0:50 you want to insert text into Python and with print

0:54 we can finally run this script by tapping on the Green

0:56 Arrow and you'll see that inside the console we're

0:59 going to get this as an output so we essentially

1:02 told python to display this information and we can change

1:05 this to anything we like we can even type

1:07 in hello Bob and I'm using a shortcut which is command

1:10 plus r to run my scripts if that doesn't work

1:13 for you you're going to have to go to settings

1:16 then go to the key map and type in run

1:20 then inside here you'll find a section called run

1:24 and debug and what you want to select is

1:26 the Run feature and assign it your own shortcut anyway I'm

1:31 going to be using that shortcut from now on so

1:33 here we can change the text to whatever we like

1:35 but it would be so much nicer if we

1:37 could edit this in another place so what we're going

1:39 to do next is create a variable and here we're

1:42 going to call this variable name and the name is

1:45 going to be set to Bob so now all we

1:47 need to do is replace this section here with this variable

1:50 and to do that I'm going to remove Bob

1:52 I'm going to type in plus name plus exclamation mark

1:56 and this is going to perform a string concatenation

1:59 which means name is going to be added to hello

2:02 and the exclamation mark will be added to name which

2:04 means now when we run this we're going to get

2:06 hello Bob and it would be nice if we had

2:08 a space there but what's nice about this approach is

2:11 that if we were to duplicate this line and we

2:13 were to change this to James name will always stay

2:15 up to date with the name that we defined

2:18 here so now it's going to print hello James hello

2:20 James without us having to type in James twice variables

2:24 are great for reusability and it makes writing code so

2:27 much easier anyway moving on I want to talk about

2:30 the data types we have in Python because up until

2:33 now we've been working with strings and strings are just

2:37 text but we have many other data types so let's

2:40 take a look at all of them so as I

2:41 mentioned the first data type we encountered was a string

2:44 which is just some text so for example here we

2:47 can have some text which contains the value of Apple

2:50 then a number is referred to as an integer

2:53 in Python and that can be any whole number so 10

2:56 or- 10 that is an integer if you want

2:59 to have a decimal this is referred to as a float

3:02 and that's any decimal number so 10.5 or 10123

3:08 that's going to be considered a float then we have

3:11 something called a Boolean which is either true or false

3:15 so for example has money can be set to false

3:18 with a capital f and again this only has

3:21 two states false and true next we have something called

3:25 a tuple and a tuple looks like this 2.5 comma

3:30 1.5 it's just a list likee structure which you cannot

3:34 change after you create it so this contains two

3:37 coordinates but you can even add more coordinates you can

3:39 add I don't know 1.0 now it will contain three

3:42 coordinates then we have a list and here we're going

3:45 to create a variable called names and that's going

3:47 to contain agneta bej Benny and anif Fred and to create

3:52 a list you just need to use square brackets

3:54 and this data is mutable which means we can remove elements

3:57 and add elements unlike with tpls where the data is

4:01 immutable which means once again once we create this we

4:03 cannot change it next we have something that's called

4:06 a set so here we're going to type in unique

4:10 we're going to add 1 2 3 4 4 5 now the reason I called this unique is because

4:17 a set cannot contain duplicates I mean you can insert

4:20 duplicates but as soon as you print this to the console

4:24 you'll notice that the duplicate of four will disappear so

4:28 it's another list-like structure that cannot contain duplicates and finally

4:32 we have something that's called a dictionary and a dictionary

4:35 is a list-like structure that holds key value pairs

4:39 for example here we might have a user called Bob

4:42 with the value of one or the ID of one and James with the ID of two as you can

4:49 see each element contains a key and a value so

4:52 both of these are associated with each other and that's

4:55 one element in the dictionary sometimes in Python you're

4:58 going to be presented with one data type which

5:00 you're going to want to convert into another data type

5:03 for example sometimes you're going to try to scrape some

5:06 information from the internet and what you're going to get

5:09 back is let's say a number in the form

5:12 of a string now the problem with this is that you

5:15 can't use it as a regular integer with a regular

5:18 integer you can do 10+ 10 for example and that will

5:21 give us back 20 but if we were to do 10 plus number we're going to get an error

5:28 because this type can only be added with other

5:30 strings so in Python you can attempt to convert any

5:34 data type into another data type by using the type

5:38 Constructor and a type Constructor is literally just the type

5:41 you want to turn it into followed by a pair

5:43 of parentheses so here we're attempting to convert number

5:46 into an integer and that's going to work perfectly fine

5:49 because 100 is actually a number if we were to type

5:53 in 10 it's going to give us a value

5:55 error because 10 is not an integer it is text

6:00 that represents the number 10 that only a human can

6:03 understand so for this to work we need to add

6:06 an actual number and as I mentioned earlier you just

6:10 need to pass in the type you want to convert

6:12 it to so it can be a string or a float or a set whatever data type you want

6:18 to convert this variable into you just put the data

6:21 type in front of it followed by parentheses and I

6:24 mean you don't have to actually use a variable you

6:27 can absolutely type it in directly here 1 2 3.

6:31 456 and this will convert this string into a float

6:36 now a very good practice for writing code

6:38 is using type annotations this is something I want

6:41 to teach you as early on as possible because it's

6:45 going to save you a lot of trouble

6:47 in the future but in Python it's not required you

6:50 can type in something such as age is equal

6:52 to the integer value of 10 but something you'll see

6:55 me doing in all of my lessons is annotating

6:57 it with the data type here I'm explicitly telling

7:00 python that I want this to be of type

7:03 integer and we might even have something called first name

7:05 which will be of type string and that's going

7:07 to equal Bob these are type annotations and they tell

7:11 the code editor or the static type Checker what

7:15 we're trying to do here python is going to ignore

7:17 these which means that if we were to type

7:20 in age of typ string equals 10 we're still going to be able to run this code

7:24 with no problems but what you're going to notice is

7:26 that the code editor is going to tell us that we messed up up so this is a tool

7:31 used for the developer it tells us when we're making

7:33 mistakes without this type annotation we can add 10 here

7:36 we can add a string here we can add whatever we want and we're not going to get

7:40 any errors because age can be literally anything

7:44 but by providing the information that AG should be of type

7:47 integer we will get some warnings that we're doing

7:50 something silly here so that we'll have the chance

7:52 to actually correct it so you're going to see me

7:54 using type annotations everywhere it's not required but I prefer

7:58 to do this because I think it's professional

8:00 and it saves me a lot of effort anyway here

8:03 I'm going to remove the first part of name

8:05 because for the next example I want to teach you

8:08 a very convenient concept called f strings because earlier

8:12 I showed you that we could do something such

8:14 as name plus name plus age plus age and we

8:18 need to make sure that this is actually a string

8:22 so what we have to do here is convert that to a string and with that when we run

8:25 this we will get some nice output such as this one

8:28 name of Bob age of 10 but this took

8:31 a lot of effort and is not intuitive we want to be able to write this in a much

8:36 more fluent way and luckily python provides us

8:39 with the opportunity to use f strings in these situations

8:43 which makes creating complex strings such as this one

8:46 a lot easier so instead of doing all of that what we're going to do is print F

8:51 and quotation marks and the F here stands for format

8:54 and FST string is a formatted string also just

8:57 to digress real quickly you're not required to only

9:00 use single quotation marks that's just a simple preference

9:02 of mine you can also use double quotation marks if

9:05 you want that's up to you I just got

9:07 accustomed to using single quotation marks because I think

9:10 it looks cleaner but now with that we can

9:12 type in name and using curly brackets we can insert

9:15 variables directly so name and then age age this was

9:19 just so convenient to type compared to the other

9:22 string that we tried to concatenate and watch what

9:25 happens when we run it it's going to run exactly

9:28 the same way or I mean the output is

9:30 going to be exactly the same so I recommend using

9:32 FST strings whenever you can because this is just

9:34 hard to keep track of you won't see many professional

9:37 python developers using this moving on it's time we

9:40 learn about functions and functions are used to make

9:44 our code much more reusable just like with variables

9:48 and to create a function in Python we use the def

9:51 keyword which stands for definition or Define and immediately

9:54 after that you add a function name so here

9:57 we're going to create a function that takes two

9:59 inputs or two arguments A and B and then it's

10:03 going to add those together so a is going to be of type float and B is going

10:08 to be of type float as well now using

10:10 this Arrow we can tell python what we expect to return

10:14 and here we expect to return a float because

10:16 adding a to B will return a float then

10:19 inside here we can return A+ B and with that being

10:23 done we can print add 10 to 15 then we can duplicate this and say 15 to 30

10:30 and when we run that we're going to get

10:32 the sum of both of those operations and what's

10:35 great about this is that we can reuse this function

10:38 anywhere in our script as many times as we like and it is as simple as that now

10:44 you might be asking why didn't we just do

10:45 10+ 15 and 15+ 30 well this works perfectly fine

10:50 but imagine we want to change something in the implementation

10:54 of the function if we want to add some

10:56 other code in here we're going to have to do

10:57 it manually for each one of these but now let's go back to what we had earlier

11:02 and inside the function what we're going to do is

11:05 print that we are adding and I want to make

11:07 this an FST string A+ B here we added a line of code and this change will be

11:14 added to each function call as you can see

11:17 now we have adding 10+ 15 and adding 15+

11:20 30 so any change we bring to the function will

11:23 be added to each function call which is very

11:26 convenient but let's take a look at another example

11:28 and this example we're going to create a function

11:31 called greet which will take a name of typ string

11:34 and a greeting of typ string and this will

11:36 return none this time because we are only executing code

11:40 so print the F string of greeting comma name

11:44 and what's great about this is that we can type

11:46 in greet followed by the name and the greeting

11:50 and now when we run this we're going to get

11:51 our simple greeting back but something else I want

11:54 to show you is that we can also Define

11:56 default values by using the equal sign Direct directly

11:59 on the parameter and this will make it so

12:01 we don't have to define a greeting each time

12:04 we use the function which means the next time we

12:06 can type in James and it won't require us

12:08 to actually Supply a greeting as you can see

12:11 it's going to say hi James because hi was

12:13 the default for greeting and we can also do

12:15 that with Bob once again the default will be

12:17 used once again because we did not include greeting

12:20 as an argument and I don't know if this was

12:22 obvious or not but I'm just going to go over it

12:25 anyway when you're creating a function you're not required

12:28 to add any parameters is you can just say

12:30 it's a function that executes some code such as hello

12:34 then you can just call that function as many

12:36 times as you want and it will execute that code

12:39 each time and once again type annotations are optional

12:42 they do not affect how your code is run

12:44 but help the code editor with understanding what you're trying

12:47 to do now that we understand how functions work

12:50 let's move on to looping in Python and in Python

12:53 we have two different kinds of Loops one is

12:57 the for Loop and one is the while loop

13:00 for Loops are used for finite looping while while

13:03 Loops are used for infinite looping so let's take

13:06 a look at a couple of examples to see

13:08 the difference and how they actually work and first I'm going

13:11 to start with the for Loop so to create

13:14 a for Loop we use the for keyword and here

13:16 we can add a variable name which in general is going to be set to I if you're

13:20 just going through a range so here we're going

13:22 to type in for I in range three print hello

13:27 and range is going to create a r range

13:29 of three numbers which means it's going to loop three

13:32 times and once we run this you'll notice

13:34 that it's going to say hello three times if we

13:36 change this to five it's going to Loop through

13:39 the range of five numbers and it's going to print

13:42 hello five times and usually you'll see four Loops

13:45 being used a lot with lists for example earlier we

13:49 had this list of names with a for Loop

13:52 we can say forame in names print hello and we'll

13:58 change that to an FST string followed by the name

14:02 so this is going to grab each name from that list and use it for each iteration

14:07 which means now when we actually run this we're going

14:09 to get hello anetta hello be hello Benny

14:12 and hello anaf so as you can see for Loops

14:15 are always used with a finite list of elements

14:19 and it doesn't have to be one statement you can

14:21 even add two statements you can say dot dot dot as you can see now we have two

14:26 lines of code inside this for Loop and it

14:28 will be executed four times because this list contains four

14:32 elements anyway moving on we have the while loop

14:35 as I mentioned earlier the while loop is infinite

14:38 which means if we were to type in while

14:40 true print hello this will be executed for as long

14:43 as your computer exists as you can see there's

14:46 no end to this condition true is true forever

14:50 which means python will execute this code over and over

14:53 again until the end of all things so right

14:55 there I force stopped the script because there's no

14:58 point in having that run forever usually with while Loops

15:01 you're going to have some sort of condition such

15:04 as while I is less than three and this is

15:06 a condition which will eventually turn false we actually

15:09 need to create that above so I of type integer

15:12 will equal zero now here we can print I

15:14 and for each iteration we're going to type in I+

15:17 1 or i+= 1 so I is going to increment one on each Loop meaning that one day

15:24 this is going to become three which is not less

15:27 than three and once this evaluates to false it's going

15:29 to exit out of this while loop as you can see now when we run this we're going

15:34 to have zero printed one printed two printed but as soon

15:37 as I contains the value of three this statement

15:40 or this expression evaluates to false which means

15:43 the while loop will no longer continue with its Loops

15:46 now up next we're going to talk about these comparison

15:49 operations because there are quite a few that you're

15:51 going to have to memorize and in this example

15:54 I'm going to have two integers one called

15:56 a and one called B and one will contain

15:58 the value of one and the other one the value

16:00 of two and I'm going to type these out

16:02 real quick because they are self-explanatory the first check we're

16:05 going to do is whether a is more than b or greater than b and we do that using

16:10 the right arrow we can also check that a is greater than or equal to B so if

16:15 a contains the value of B it's also going

16:18 to evaluate to True right now if we were to run

16:20 this we're going to get false for both of them

16:22 because a is not greater than b but if

16:24 we add two here the first expression is going

16:27 to evaluate to false because a is not greater than B it's exactly the same as B

16:32 but with greater than or equals to this will evaluate

16:35 to true because a is equal to b anyway

16:38 this also works in the opposite sense so you can check

16:41 that a is less than b or whether a is less than or equal to B and that's going

16:46 to work exactly the same way something else we

16:48 can do is check whether a is equal to B

16:50 whether these two contain the exact same value right

16:53 now if we R to run this we're going

16:54 to get false because 1 is not equal to two but if we insert two we will get true

16:59 as a return and we can also do the opposite

17:02 here we can check that a is not equal

17:04 to B by using the exclamation mark and just

17:06 like that we're going to get true as an output because a is not equal to B so

17:11 these are the comparison operations that you should memorize because

17:14 you'll be using them a lot throughout your programming

17:17 career up next we're going to be talking about if

17:20 L if and else which is used for control

17:23 and flow logic now for this example we're going

17:26 to simulate that we're getting some user input so

17:28 here we'll type in user input of type string is

17:31 equal to hello now if the user input is

17:34 equal to hello we will print that the bot

17:36 says hello L if the user input is equal to how are you we will say that the bot

17:43 says good how about you and in every other

17:48 situation we're going to use the else block so

17:50 if what we type in doesn't match any

17:53 of these conditions the else block is going to be executed

17:56 and here we can print that the bot says

17:58 so sorry I did not understand that and just like

18:03 that we can try running this script and what

18:05 we should get as an output is that the bot

18:07 says hello otherwise if we change this to how

18:10 are you the bot should respond good how about you

18:14 and if we type in something random you'll see

18:17 that the bot will not understand what we wrote so

18:20 with if you can add any expression that you

18:22 want to check for and this code will only

18:24 be executed if this evaluates to True L if

18:28 stands for else if which means if this doesn't pass

18:32 it's going to try to check whether this will

18:34 pass and if it does pass it will execute

18:36 this code else will be executed in any other situation

18:39 and what's important to note is that you can have

18:41 as many l if statements as you want so

18:43 you can also check that user input is equal

18:46 to buy then the bot can say goodbye now

18:49 when we actually enter buy as an input the bot's

18:53 going to be able to respond with goodbye now

18:55 if you want to see something really cool all we

18:57 need to do here is type in inputs followed

19:00 by U which is the prompt we want the user

19:02 to see and add a while true Loop here then we need to indent all of this inside

19:08 the while true Loop to make it a block

19:10 of code and with those two simple changes we now

19:13 have our very first chat bot we can type

19:16 in hello the bot's going to respond if it finds

19:19 that if we type in by it'll say goodbye

19:21 if we say something random the bot's going to say

19:24 sorry I did not understand that it was

19:26 that simple to create a chat bot in in Python

19:30 moving on it's time we talk about exceptions in Python

19:33 what to do when you encounter one and how

19:36 you can handle it properly because sometimes you're going

19:38 to type in something weird such as print whatever

19:41 that is and you're going to end up

19:43 with an exception or an error such as a name error

19:47 now in recent versions of python you're going

19:49 to get very descriptive error messages which help you understand

19:52 what you did wrong but of course it would

19:54 be nice to learn how to handle these exceptions because

19:56 the one that we just encountered was was caused

19:59 by the developer but there are going to be some

20:01 that might be caused by the user for example

20:03 imagine we have two variables A and B and I'm

20:07 going to be using the multiple assignment syntax which

20:10 means we can type in 10 comma and the second

20:13 variable and this will assign 10 to a and 15 to B on one line but for whatever

20:18 reason Let's Pretend the user entered 15 now if

20:21 we were to add a plus b we're going

20:23 to end up with an exception because you cannot add

20:26 a string to an integer it is an unsupported operant

20:30 type int and string just do not go together

20:32 but for whatever reason that's what the user input

20:36 now if your user ever sees an exception message

20:39 it's probably a bad thing and that can even lead

20:42 them to uninstalling your app if it happens too

20:44 frequently even if they're in the wrong it's important

20:47 to act as an adult when you are programming

20:50 and to give the user a chance to fix their behavior

20:53 for example instead of just printing a plus b

20:55 what we're going to do is type in try

20:57 which means we're going to try try this dangerous

20:59 code and if it doesn't work we're going to accept

21:02 exception as e and here we're going to print

21:05 that something went wrong and we're going to insert e

21:09 which is the error now the next time we

21:11 run this we're not going to get an exception anymore

21:14 we're going to get an error message instead which

21:16 means we can actually run more code under this try

21:18 and accept block here we can type in continueing

21:22 with the program as you can see when we

21:24 run this it's going to be able to continue

21:26 with the program even if we encounter exception without

21:29 this the program is just going to crash and we're

21:32 never going to reach the rest of the program

21:34 so let's go back to what we had earlier

21:37 here we can type in something else such as please

21:39 enter a valid number so that the next time

21:43 the user inserts the text of 15 and tries

21:46 to add it to 10 the exception is going to tell them exactly what they need to do

21:50 to fix it anyway that is the basic concept

21:53 of handling an exception now what I did here is considered

21:57 a bad practice because exception handles all of the exceptions

22:01 when what we really wanted to do is handle the type error so as you can see we

22:05 can be much more specific with our exceptions and here

22:09 we can type in something such as please enter a number in the form of an integer

22:16 or a float so now we're catching the correct error

22:19 and giving them the correct message for that error which

22:22 means that once they run the program and they

22:24 add this silly input it's going to ask them

22:26 to please enter the number in the form of an integer

22:29 or a float which means now we can change

22:31 this to 10.5 or actually to stay consistent we'll

22:33 just type in 15 and it's going to work properly

22:36 the next time they use that as an input

22:38 and one last thing to note is that you can

22:40 add multiple accept blocks so you can actually handle

22:44 all the other errors just by adding another except

22:47 block something else went wrong because sometimes certain operations

22:52 are going to lead to multiple errors but once again

22:55 I never recommend using exception as e unless it's

22:59 really just a last resort because this exception will absorb

23:03 all of the errors and one thing you need

23:05 to learn in programming is that encountering errors and exceptions

23:08 is not a bad thing when you are developing

23:10 in fact you want to encounter as many as possible

23:14 because this will lead to more consistent code when

23:16 you're actually publishing your application it's going to help

23:19 you understand everything that can actually go wrong

23:22 and this approach just silently absorbs that error and makes it

23:26 disappear so once again use this as a last

23:29 resort now very quickly I want to talk about Imports

23:32 in Python because sometimes you're going to want to import

23:35 some external functionality into your script so that you

23:38 can use it for example imagine you want

23:40 to calculate the square root of a number now personally

23:43 I'm no mathematician so I prefer to use pre-made

23:46 functionality to perform that calculation and in Python we can

23:49 import a module called math and what's good about

23:52 this is that we can use a lot of its

23:54 functionality for free just by importing it and coincident

23:58 L it has a square root function so here

24:00 we can calculate the square root of three using

24:02 the square root function and once we run it we're

24:05 going to get the square root of three we

24:07 can also import math using an alias so for example

24:11 import math as M now we can print M

24:14 do square roots of four and it's going to work

24:16 exactly the same way except we're using the Alias

24:19 this time and finally if you really want to be

24:21 specific with your Imports you can import from math

24:24 the square root function and this time we just

24:26 type in square root and five and it will work out of the box just by referring

24:30 to the function name and just so you know

24:32 with the third approach you can add as many as you

24:34 want you can even add let's say tan which

24:37 will return the tangent so we can type in tan

24:39 of let's say two and that will work just

24:42 fine just by referring to the name now to end

24:44 this crash course we're going to be creating a simple

24:47 project and this is actually one of my favorite

24:50 projects to make and this is a chat bot

24:53 a very simple chat bot so first we're going

24:55 to create a bot name of typ string which

24:57 is going to equal Bob then the first message

25:00 is going to be a print statement that says

25:03 hello I'm bot name how can I assist you today

25:08 and once we see that message we will start

25:11 our while true Loop which is an infinite Loop

25:14 and the very first thing we want to do is

25:15 take some user input which will be of type string

25:19 and that's going to equal input with u

25:21 and since this returns a string we're going to want

25:24 to lower whatever the user enters and the reason we're

25:27 doing that is because if the user types in hello

25:30 with an uppercase H and we're trying to compare

25:32 that to hello with a lowercase H this is

25:35 going to return false because python is case sensitive

25:39 and a capital h and a lowercase H are two

25:43 different things now when you use the lower method

25:46 on hello it turns all of the letters inside this string

25:49 to lowercase which makes it much easier to compare

25:52 the two anyway if user input is in the list

25:57 of high hi or hello then we will print that the bot name says hi there how can

26:04 I help you L if the user input is in by or CU we will print that the bot

26:12 name says goodbye have a great day and as you

26:15 can see here I'm checking that the user

26:17 input is inside this list of strings which I

26:20 find to be more convenient than checking for each one

26:24 separately because it's nice to be able to understand

26:27 multiple form of input but let's also add some

26:30 functionality so L if use a input in Plus

26:35 or add then let's make it so our bot can

26:38 actually perform some mathematical operations print bot name says

26:43 sure let's let's do some addition please enter two

26:50 numbers and now comes the fun part what we need to do here is try to first get

26:55 the first number which will be number one of type

26:58 type float and that's going to equal the input

27:01 of the first number and as you can see

27:03 the code editor is telling us immediately that we got

27:06 a string but we were expecting a float

27:09 and thanks to this type annotation we can fix

27:11 that by surrounding this with the float Constructor then we're

27:14 going to duplicate this and say number two and type

27:17 in second number and if that works we're going

27:20 to print the F string with the bot name that says

27:24 the sum is number one plus number two and if

27:28 it doesn't work we're going to add the except

27:30 block and the main exception we can encounter here

27:33 is the user adding or inputting a letter or some

27:37 sort of symbol that is not a number and that's going to give us a value error so

27:41 here we can print that the bot name says

27:44 oops that doesn't seem like a valid number try again

27:51 then we're just going to get out of this accept

27:53 block and go to the outermost layer where we

27:56 have the if and we're going to add the else block and this is going to cover all

28:02 of the cases that we did not cover Above

28:05 So else print that the bot name says I'm sorry

28:10 I don't understand that please try again and in only

28:16 20 lines of code we created our very first

28:19 chatbot so now it's actually time to test that it

28:21 works so here I'm going to run the script

28:23 and I'm probably going to make that bigger so

28:25 we can see and and I'm just going to type

28:28 in high as I mentioned earlier the bot is

28:31 going to be able to respond to that even

28:33 if we have an uppercase H it's going to understand

28:36 that we can type in goodbye and it doesn't

28:38 understand that obviously because we did not code that we

28:41 only coded buy and CU but if we type

28:45 in buy it'll be able to respond to that but now let's try to add some numbers so

28:49 we'll type in add We'll add 10 to 20 and the bot should give us the sum which is

28:55 30 if we type in something random the bot

28:58 won't understand that and if we try to get

29:02 the sum using the plus that's going to work too

29:05 but let's pretend we add something that doesn't work such

29:07 as oh the bot is going to tell us

29:11 immediately that it doesn't seem like a valid number

29:13 and instead of crashing our program it's going to tell

29:16 us immediately which provides us with a much more

29:19 smooth user experience anyway I'm just going to say

29:22 bye and the bot will tell us goodbye have a great day so as you can see it was

29:26 a very simple chatbot that had some very simple functionality

29:31 but what's cool about this is that you can

29:32 edit this as much as you like and you can

29:35 add all sort of functionality and so on but yeah

29:39 that just about sums up the basics of python

29:42 there's still a lot more to learn but the best way to learn is to build apps so

29:47 decide on something you want to build and start

29:50 coding it as you try to build your app you're

29:52 going to have to start googling to learn new

29:54 things that's all part of being a programmer even

29:57 after 5 years of programming I Google constantly although

30:01 I recommend you start small otherwise it might be

30:05 a bit overwhelming so search on how you can

30:07 improve your chat Bots search on how you can scrape

30:10 information from the internet but don't try to build

30:13 Facebook from day one that's going to be incredibly overwhelming

30:17 and it might even end with you giving up

30:19 on programming because creating apps like Facebook isn't just one

30:23 concept but hundreds of different concepts combined anyway I hope

30:28 enjoyed this video do let me know in the comment

30:29 section down below whether you have any other questions

30:32 or whether a certain topic needed more explanation but otherwise

30:36 with all that being said as always thanks

30:39 for watching and I'll see you in the next video