Your Monthly Dose of English - Best of February 2026

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0:26 Hello everyone.

0:28 Welcome back to the pass.

0:29 I'm at the farmers market in Baltimore.

0:32 It's loud, it's busy, and it's very hot today.

0:38 Today, I'm buying food.

0:39 I need ingredients for my new restaurant in DC.

0:43 I want to find special local vegetables and Oh, no.

0:50 Not her.

0:52 Brian.

0:52 Brian.

0:53 Hi, Mom.

0:54 What are you doing here?

0:56 What do you mean?

0:57 I'm shopping.

0:58 I have to cook dinner for many people tonight.

1:01 And put away your phone.

1:03 You look like a tourist.

1:05 I'm not a tourist, Mom.

1:07 I'm working.

1:08 I'm making a video for my restaurant.

1:11 People want to see the food.

1:13 See the food?

1:15 You're standing in the way.

1:16 Move, please.

1:18 Look at these peppers.

1:20 These are good.

1:22 Very hard and fresh.

1:24 Those, Mom.

1:26 Those are normal peppers.

1:27 Come here.

1:28 Look at these ones.

1:30 They are twisted.

1:31 They look funny.

1:32 That's character.

1:35 Character.

1:35 I don't want funny peppers, Brian.

1:38 I want to cut them easily.

1:41 You young chefs, you like ugly vegetables.

1:45 It's not ugly, Mom.

1:46 It's farm to table.

1:48 Oh, please.

1:50 Farm to table.

1:51 All food comes from a farm.

1:53 Where else does it come from?

1:55 It means knowing the farmer.

1:58 It's personal.

1:59 I know the farmer.

2:00 That's Earl.

2:01 He is right there.

2:03 Hi, Earl.

2:05 See, he waved at me.

2:07 I've been buying vegetables from Earl for 20 years.

2:10 We don't talk about farmtot.

2:13 We just call it cooking.

2:17 But people want a story, Mom.

2:19 Like look at these tomatoes.

2:21 The purple ones.

2:23 Look at the color.

2:24 I'm going to serve them raw.

2:26 Just the tomato and some salt.

2:29 They are too soft.

2:30 Brian, feel this.

2:32 It'll be mushy later.

2:34 I need these red tomatoes.

2:35 They're strong.

2:36 They make good sauce.

2:39 The red ones are boring.

2:40 They have no flavor.

2:42 They're cheap and they don't break.

2:44 You charge $20 for a tomato salad.

2:47 My customers want a big hot stew.

2:51 Not a science lesson.

2:53 It's not science.

2:54 It's respect.

2:55 I'm teaching my young staff.

2:57 Flavor starts in the dirt.

3:00 You're teaching them to be difficult.

3:02 A real chef can take a normal vegetable and make it taste good.

3:06 If you need the perfect tomato, maybe you can't cook.

3:12 Ouch.

3:13 Okay, that hurts.

3:16 Let's change the subject.

3:18 Let's talk about the greens.

3:20 Good.

3:21 I need collarded greens and kale.

3:23 I see the kale.

3:25 I want to use this dark kale.

3:27 I'll put lemon oil on it.

3:29 I'll serve it raw.

3:31 Raw.

3:32 Kale is very hard, Brian.

3:34 You need to cook it.

3:35 You need heat.

3:36 You need time.

3:38 Cook it with some ham.

3:40 See, that's the old style.

3:43 Cook it until it's gray.

3:45 Excuse me?

3:46 Not gray.

3:47 Soft.

3:48 It's delicious.

3:49 And the juice at the bottom.

3:51 That's the best part.

3:53 It tastes good.

3:54 Yes.

3:55 But it's heavy.

3:56 My friends and I, we want the crunch.

3:59 We want bright colors.

4:00 I'll cook this in the pan for 30 seconds.

4:03 Done.

4:04 And then your customers chew on one leaf for 10 minutes.

4:09 Look, I understand.

4:10 You want it to look pretty for the photo.

4:13 It's not just for the photo, Mom.

4:15 It's about the the soul.

4:19 The soul of the food is to make people full.

4:23 You make everything difficult, son.

4:25 Just like your mother.

4:28 Huh?

4:28 You got your helmet?

4:29 Did you ride your bike here?

4:31 Of course.

4:32 Parking is terrible and I need the exercise.

4:36 Talking to people all day makes me tired.

4:40 You make me tired, too.

4:42 I'm helping.

4:43 I'm teaching.

4:45 Look at this root.

4:46 Celery root.

4:48 Ugly thing.

4:49 It tastes okay if you mash it like potatoes.

4:52 Mash it?

4:53 No.

4:54 No.

4:54 I'll bake it with salt.

4:56 Then I'll cut it very thin.

4:58 It's for a vegetable plate.

5:00 A vegetable plate?

5:02 Just say salad.

5:04 Brian,

5:05 it's marketing.

5:06 Mom, you have to sell the idea.

5:09 I sell the steak.

5:11 Speaking of steak, are you coming to the meat stand?

5:15 Yeah, I need to ask them about the beef.

5:18 Make sure it's fresh.

5:19 I need 5 lbs of beef for meatloaf.

5:25 Meatloaf?

5:24 Mom, it's July.

5:26 It's very hot.

5:28 People are hungry in July, too, Brian.

5:31 Not everyone wants foam.

5:34 It's not foam.

5:35 It's sauce.

5:37 Okay.

5:38 Question.

5:38 For your meatloaf, how do you make it?

5:41 I use meat with fat.

5:43 If there's no fat, it's dry.

5:46 And I use old bread with milk.

5:49 Bread and milk.

5:50 See, you use a French technique.

5:54 I use my grandmother's technique.

5:57 That's the same thing.

5:59 That's what I'm saying.

6:00 Farmtot is just grandma's cooking.

6:04 Then why is your food so expensive?

6:07 Because it costs money to do it the right way.

6:10 Earl needs money.

6:12 I pay Earl in cash.

6:14 I don't need a website to buy carrots.

6:18 You're impossible.

6:19 Typical Virgo.

6:21 Everything must be your way.

6:24 And you're a Leo.

6:26 All show.

6:27 Look at me.

6:28 Look at my purple carrot.

6:30 It's a beautiful carrot.

6:32 It tastes like a carrot.

6:34 Come on, let's get some peaches.

6:37 Okay, peaches are good.

6:39 Smell that?

6:40 They smell like flowers.

6:42 That smells like summer.

6:45 Yes.

6:45 Now, are you going to make foam with these?

6:48 Or can we make a pie?

6:50 I want to grill them.

6:52 Grilled peaches with cheese.

6:54 That sounds good.

6:56 Salty and sweet.

6:58 Wait, did you just say you like my idea?

7:01 Don't get excited.

7:02 It's just cheese and fruit.

7:04 It's easy.

7:06 I'll take it.

7:07 Hey, are you cooking for dad tomorrow?

7:10 Yes.

7:10 Sunday dinner.

7:12 Are you coming or are you too busy?

7:15 I'm never too busy for free food.

7:17 What are we eating?

7:19 Well, I have the meatloaf, but I saw some nice fish.

7:23 Local fish.

7:24 That's good for the ocean.

7:26 I just like the taste.

7:27 Brian,

7:28 can I come early?

7:30 I'll cook the fish, you cook the vegetables.

7:32 Don't bring your tweezers into my kitchen.

7:35 No tweezers.

7:36 I promise.

7:38 Just a pan and fire.

7:39 I want to make the skin crispy.

7:42 If you burn the skin, I'll order pizza.

7:46 Deal.

7:46 But let me buy the tomatoes.

7:48 The ugly ones.

7:50 Why?

7:50 Because I want to make tomato juice for the fish.

7:53 We squeeze the ugly tomatoes.

7:55 The clear juice is delicious.

7:58 Tomato juice.

7:59 So, you're paying money for juice?

8:02 It's flavor, Mom.

8:03 It's the soul of the tomato.

8:06 You know what?

8:07 Fine.

8:07 You make your juice.

8:10 I'll make corn pudding.

8:12 Corn pudding and fish.

8:14 That's a good dinner.

8:16 See, I know how to cook.

8:18 I know you do.

8:19 You taught me.

8:21 Even if you're stubborn, I'm not stubborn.

8:25 I'm consistent.

8:27 There is a difference.

8:29 Okay, consistent.

8:31 Wait, look at the mushrooms.

8:34 Brian, let's go.

8:35 No, look.

8:37 These mushrooms are amazing.

8:39 They're good for the planet.

8:41 I cook mushrooms all the time.

8:42 They taste like dirt in a good way.

8:46 I want to make them into a powder and put the powder on the fish.

8:50 Powder?

8:51 You want to feed your father dust?

8:54 It's a spice.

8:55 It makes it taste better.

8:57 Salt and pepper make it taste better.

8:59 Why do you make it complicated?

9:01 Because simple is boring.

9:03 I need to do something new.

9:05 My friends want something new.

9:07 If I give them a grilled mushroom, they don't care.

9:10 If I give them mushroom powder, they say, "Wow." And that's the problem.

9:16 You cook for the eyes.

9:18 When people come to my shop, they eat.

9:21 They wipe their mouth and say, "Wow,

9:24 that was good." That's the only review I care about.

9:29 Okay, fair point.

9:30 But can we do both?

9:32 Can it be beautiful and tasty?

9:35 Only if you respect the food first.

9:38 I know you're the chef, the boss.

9:42 That's right.

9:43 Now, buy the mushrooms.

9:45 Whole, not powder.

9:48 Fine.

9:49 Whole mushrooms cooked with butter.

9:52 With butter and a little thyme.

9:55 Okay, that sounds good.

9:57 Now, help me carry these bags or I'll hit you with this zucchini.

10:02 Violence is not the answer.

10:04 In the kitchen, sometimes it's the only answer.

10:08 You're scary, Mom.

10:10 I raised you, didn't I?

10:12 That was a hard job.

10:14 You were a picky eater.

10:15 I don't like peas.

10:17 They're mushy.

10:18 Because they were from a can.

10:20 Fresh peas are good.

10:23 Oh no, the peas again.

10:27 Well, I'm okay now.

10:28 I have my own restaurants.

10:30 I'm proud of you, Brian.

10:32 Even with your weird hair.

10:34 It's cool hair.

10:36 It looks like you forgot to finish cutting it.

10:39 Okay.

10:39 Okay.

10:40 Let's go home.

10:42 The ice is melting.

10:43 Turn off the recording.

10:45 Got it.

10:46 Signing off.

10:47 We're making What do we call it?

10:50 We call it dinner.

10:53 Heritage Modern Fusion dinner.

10:56 Just pick up the bag, Brian.

10:59 All right.

10:59 All right.

11:03 Later the next day, the kitchen was crazy.

11:06 Mom used her old heavy pans.

11:09 I used my new sharp tools.

11:12 We're very different.

11:13 For her, food is love.

11:16 For me, it's art.

11:18 But when the fish was ready, sitting next to her corn pudding, it worked.

11:24 It was delicious.

11:26 We didn't talk.

11:28 We just ate.

11:29 Sometimes a good dinner fixes everything.

11:33 And she said the tomato juice wasn't terrible.

11:37 I'm happy with that.

11:39 Join us next week.

11:40 I'll try to teach her about fermentation.

11:43 Spoiler alert.

11:44 She thinks it's just rotting food.

11:47 Brian, are the dirty dishes in the sink?

11:50 I'm letting them soak.

11:52 Get in here and wash them.

12:20 Wow, it's certainly quiet in here.

12:22 It's like a different world from the street outside.

12:25 That's the first thing I noticed when I bought the place.

12:28 Welcome to the Triple Almond Building, Margaret.

12:30 I'm glad you found it.

12:31 Okay, it wasn't too hard.

12:33 The map on my smartphone was very accurate.

12:36 Nice to finally meet you in person, Robert.

12:39 Great to meet you, too.

12:40 Please call me Rob.

12:42 Did you drive here?

12:43 No, I took the metro.

12:45 I'm still learning the city.

12:46 I'm from New Jersey originally,

12:48 so the layout of DC is a little confusing for me right now.

12:52 Don't worry, you'll get used to it.

12:54 I'm from Chicago, so I missed the grid system for a long time.

12:58 But DC has a great charm.

13:00 Shall we go up?

13:01 I'm on the top floor.

13:03 The penthouse?

13:04 Well, technically, yes, but it's just a really nice apartment with a great view.

13:09 after you.

13:15 This elevator is actually high speed.

13:17 It's the fastest in the district.

13:20 Oh, I hope my ears don't pop.

13:22 It's very smooth.

13:23 You won't feel a thing.

13:25 So, Margaret, you mentioned you're a nurse.

13:28 That's right.

13:29 I'm with the university hospital.

13:31 I'm doing an international exchange program right now.

13:33 It's a lot of work, but I love it.

13:36 That sounds intense.

13:38 My schedule is pretty crazy, too, but in a different way.

13:41 I work in digital finance, blockchain technology.

13:45 Oh, like that digital money people talk about on the news.

13:49 Exactly.

13:49 It never sleeps, so neither do I.

13:52 That's why I made sure this apartment is perfect

13:54 for relaxing when I actually do get a break.

13:57 Here we are.

13:58 Unit 12A.

14:01 Everything is keyless.

14:03 You just use a code or an app on your phone.

14:06 That's convenient.

14:07 No more losing keys at the bottom of my bag.

14:10 Exactly.

14:11 Come on in.

14:16 Welcome to your potential new home.

14:20 Oh my goodness, Robert.

14:22 This is spacious.

14:25 It is, isn't it?

14:26 It's an open concept design.

14:28 I wanted the living room, the dining area, and the workspace to flow together.

14:32 And the light.

14:34 Look at those windows.

14:35 Floor to ceiling glass.

14:37 You get the sunrise in the morning.

14:39 Watch this.

14:40 [clears throat] House privacy mode off.

14:45 You can talk to the curtains.

14:48 You can talk to almost everything in here.

14:50 The lights, the temperature, the music.

14:52 It's a fully integrated smart home.

14:54 It fits my lifestyle.

14:56 I like things efficient.

14:58 It's beautiful.

14:59 But can I ask a practical question?

15:02 Of course.

15:02 Ask anything.

15:04 Does it get hot with all this glass?

15:07 That's a good question.

15:08 The glass is treated to block UV rays.

15:11 Plus, the central air conditioning is very powerful.

15:13 It stays cool.

15:15 That's good.

15:16 I work long shifts, sometimes at night.

15:18 When I come home, I just want to be comfortable.

15:21 I totally understand.

15:22 Comfort is key.

15:24 That's actually why I'm leasing the place.

15:26 I'm looking at buying a tennis club nearby,

15:29 and I might travel more for my investments.

15:31 I want someone responsible to enjoy this space while I'm gone.

15:35 A tennis club.

15:36 Do you play?

15:37 I try to.

15:38 I'm still learning.

15:40 Do you play sports?

15:41 Not really.

15:42 My job keeps me on my feet all day,

15:44 but I do like handcrafting, knitting, sewing, that sort of thing.

15:48 It helps me relax.

15:50 That's cool.

15:51 You need good lighting for that, right?

15:53 Well, you have plenty here.

15:54 Let me show you the kitchen.

15:59 Here it is.

16:00 The chef station.

16:02 Oh, it's very modern,

16:06 isn't it?

16:06 Italian marble countertops, induction stove, and look at this fridge.

16:11 It's hidden behind this panel.

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16:32 It blends right into the wall.

16:35 Exactly.

16:36 Minimalist design.

16:37 Keeps everything looking clean.

16:39 It's very sleek, Rob.

16:41 But where are the cabinets?

16:43 The cabinets?

16:44 They are right here.

16:46 You just push to open.

16:50 I see.

16:51 They are a bit shallow, aren't they?

16:54 Well, they are designed for the essentials.

16:56 I usually order food delivery or eat out to be honest.

16:59 I don't do a lot of heavy cooking.

17:02 Ah, that might be a challenge for me.

17:04 I cook almost every day.

17:06 It's healthier and like I said, I like making things with my hands.

17:10 I have a lot of pots, pans, and baking supplies.

17:15 H I see.

17:16 You could store the larger items in the pantry closet near the entrance.

17:20 It's quite big.

17:22 Maybe.

17:23 I'd have to walk back and forth, but this counter space is lovely.

17:27 I could definitely spread out my ingredients here.

17:30 And it's stain resistant, so if you spill tomato sauce, no problem.

17:35 [laughter]

17:35 That's a very important feature for a nurse.

17:38 We appreciate cleanliness.

17:40 What is this machine here?

17:42 That's the crown jewel, the espresso machine.

17:45 It's connected to the Wi-Fi.

17:47 You can order it to brew a cappuccino while you are still in bed.

17:51 Okay, now you are speaking my language.

17:54 Coffee is essential for my shifts.

17:57 I'll leave the machine here for you.

17:58 It's part of the lease.

18:00 That's a big plus.

18:02 Okay.

18:02 The kitchen is small, but the coffee machine helps.

18:05 What about the noise?

18:07 We are right in the city center.

18:09 Let's go to the bedroom.

18:10 I'll show you.

18:15 This is the master suite.

18:17 King-sized bed, memory foam mattress, and notice the silence.

18:22 It's very quiet in here.

18:24 Triple pained glass, soundproof walls.

18:27 I need total focus when I'm reading my comic books or trading at night,

18:31 so soundproofing was a priority.

18:33 You read comic books?

18:36 [laughter]

18:36 Yeah, it's my guilty pleasure.

18:38 I have a huge collection in the study.

18:40 I'm actually moving them to storage,

18:42 so you'll have that room for whatever you want.

18:44 A spare room?

18:45 That's fantastic.

18:46 I could turn that into my craft room.

18:49 Exactly.

18:49 A sewing room.

18:50 It has great shelves.

18:52 And the closet space here in the bedroom.

18:55 Walk-in closet right through there.

18:59 Oh, wow.

19:00 This is bigger than my first apartment in New Jersey.

19:03 [laughter] I told you it's all about the lifestyle.

19:06 You can fit a lot of uniforms in here.

19:09 And regular clothes, too.

19:11 I do have a life outside the hospital.

19:14 Of course.

19:15 Speaking of outside, let's talk about the neighborhood.

19:18 Do you know this area?

19:18 Well,

19:19 not really.

19:20 I know the hospital is about 3 m away.

19:24 Right.

19:24 So, for your commute, you have a few options.

19:27 The metro station is just two blocks over.

19:29 It's a straight shot to the medical center.

19:32 That's convenient.

19:33 What about safety?

19:34 If I come home late,

19:36 this area is very safe.

19:38 There's 24-hour security in the building lobby, and the street is well lit.

19:42 There are always people around because of the restaurants.

19:45 Are there grocery stores nearby since I plan to cook?

19:48 There is a large organic market on the corner.

19:51 It's a bit pricey, but the quality is amazing.

19:54 And there is a regular supermarket about a 10-minute walk away.

19:58 That's manageable.

19:59 I like walking.

20:01 There is also a great park nearby,

20:03 perfect for jogging or just sitting on a bench.

20:05 And if you like tennis,

20:09 I think I'll leave the tennis to you, Rob, but a park sounds nice.

20:13 So, what do you think so far?

20:15 I know the kitchen is a bit minimalist for a baker.

20:19 The kitchen is the only worry,

20:21 but the light in the living room and that walk-in

20:23 closet and the quiet bedroom, it balances out.

20:27 I really think you'd like the smart features, too.

20:30 It makes life so much easier.

20:32 I am willing to try.

20:34 I'm not very techsavvy, but I can learn.

20:37 I can leave you a manual or just show you.

20:40 It's really intuitive.

20:42 Okay, let's talk about the lease details.

20:44 You mentioned it comes furnished.

20:47 Yes, fully furnished.

20:48 The sofa, the bed, the dining table, the TVs, everything you see stays.

20:54 I'm only taking my personal items, my computer, and my comic books.

20:58 That's helpful.

20:59 Moving furniture is a nightmare.

21:02 Tell me about it.

21:03 What about utilities?

21:04 Are they included in the rent?

21:07 The water and highspeed internet are included.

21:09 You would just need to pay for the electricity.

21:11 Since everything is energy efficient, the bill is usually quite low.

21:16 That sounds reasonable.

21:17 And the duration of the lease?

21:19 I'm looking for a 12-month lease.

21:21 I want some stability while I focus on my new business investments.

21:25 12 months works for me.

21:27 That matches my exchange program duration perfectly.

21:30 That's great.

21:31 It feels like destiny.

21:33 Let's not jump ahead too fast.

21:35 I still need to check my budget.

21:37 The rent you listed online is well, it's at the very top of my price range.

21:43 I understand.

21:43 It's a premium building, but remember,

21:46 you're saving money on a gym membership because the building has a gym.

21:50 And you save on internet.

21:52 That's true.

21:53 And the commute is cheap.

21:55 Look, why don't we sit down on the balcony?

21:57 I can get us some water or an espresso and we can look at the numbers together.

22:02 You really want to show off that coffee machine, don't you?

22:05 [laughter] I really do.

22:07 It makes the best foam.

22:10 Okay, one coffee and we can talk about the deposit.

22:16 Have a seat.

22:16 The view is even better from here.

22:19 You were right.

22:20 You can see the whole city.

22:22 It's inspiring, isn't it?

22:24 It makes you feel like anything is possible.

22:27 It makes me feel small, but in a good way.

22:32 So, Margaret, be honest.

22:35 Can you see yourself living here?

22:37 I can.

22:38 I'd have to get creative with my cooking supplies.

22:41 Maybe buy some rolling carts for the kitchen.

22:44 That's a great idea.

22:45 A rolling island.

22:47 Exactly.

22:48 But the location is perfect for the hospital,

22:51 and I really need a quiet place to sleep.

22:54 Then I think we can make this work.

22:56 I have a few other people interested,

22:58 but I prefer renting to a professional like you.

23:01 You seem respectful of the space.

23:04 I would take good care of it.

23:06 I treat my home like I treat my patients with care.

23:10 That's exactly what I wanted to hear.

23:16 Ah, hear that?

23:17 Your cappuccino is ready.

23:19 It's like magic.

23:21 It's technology.

23:22 I'll go grab it.

23:31 Here you go.

23:32 Careful.

23:32 It's hot.

23:33 Thank you.

23:36 M.

23:37 Okay, that's delicious.

23:40 See, the apartment sells itself.

23:43 You are a very good salesman, Rob.

23:45 I try my best.

23:47 So, do you have any questions about the building rules, pets, guests?

23:52 Oh, right.

23:53 Guests.

23:54 My parents might visit from New Jersey for a weekend.

23:57 Is that allowed?

23:59 Absolutely.

24:00 There's a guest suite on the second floor you can book if you want more privacy.

24:03 Or they can stay here.

24:05 The sofa turns into a bed.

24:07 A sleeper sofa.

24:08 I didn't notice.

24:11 Customade.

24:11 Very comfortable.

24:13 Perfect.

24:14 And pets.

24:15 I don't have one now, but the building is pet friendly,

24:19 but there is an extra cleaning fee and a size limit.

24:23 No horses.

24:25 [laughter] I think I'll stick to a goldfish.

24:27 Or maybe a cat.

24:30 A cat is fine.

24:32 Okay, I think I'm running out of questions.

24:34 That's a good sign.

24:36 So, what is the next step for you?

24:38 I need to go home and calculate my monthly expenses.

24:42 I want to make sure I can afford the rent and still save a little money.

24:45 Smart.

24:46 Never rush a financial decision.

24:49 Exactly.

24:50 Can I let you know by tomorrow morning?

24:52 Tomorrow morning works.

24:53 I can hold the listing until then.

24:55 That would be wonderful.

24:56 Thank you, Rob.

24:58 No problem.

24:58 I have a good feeling about this.

25:00 Me, too.

25:01 It's a very special place.

25:03 It is.

25:04 I'm going to miss it, honestly.

25:06 But it's time for me to move on to my next project.

25:08 The tennis club.

25:10 The tennis club.

25:11 And maybe some travel.

25:12 Who knows?

25:13 Well, I hope you find what you are looking for.

25:16 And I hope you find your home here.

25:19 [clears throat]

25:20 Okay, I should get going.

25:21 I have a shift starting in 3 hours.

25:24 I'll walk you out.

25:25 We can take the stairs down one flight to see the gym if you have time.

25:28 Oh, sure.

25:29 A quick look.

25:30 Great.

25:30 Follow me.

25:35 House secure mode.

25:39 I don't think I'll ever get tired of that.

25:42 It makes you feel like a superhero, right?

25:45 A little bit.

25:46 Or a villain in a movie.

25:48 [laughter] As long as you pay the rent, you can be whatever you want.

25:58 Welcome to Daily English Conversations.

26:00 [music] In this series, you'll learn practical English phrases for use

26:04 on social media and in everyday life.

26:14 Found the nicest shades at the new mall.

26:20 Don't you already have like 10 pairs?

26:27 Hottie looking good.

26:34 Isn't summer over soon?

26:40 Let's review the key vocabulary.

26:43 Hottie, attractive person

26:52 like

26:50 being similar to meaningless filler.

26:58 Shades.

26:57 Slang word for sunglasses.

27:03 Over.

27:02 Finish.

27:05 Looking good.

27:07 have a pleasant appearance.

27:10 Let's review the key vocabulary.

27:13 Do you remember how to say attractive person?

27:17 Hottie.

27:20 Hottie.

27:22 And how to say being similar to meaningless filler?

27:30 Like like what about slang word for sunglasses?

27:36 Shades.

27:39 Shades.

27:42 Let's try

27:45 finish.

27:45 Over.

27:47 Over.

27:49 Now, let's see if you remember how to say have a pleasant appearance.

27:54 Looking good.

27:57 Looking good.

28:00 Let's practice.

28:01 After the sound, read the phrases out loud.

28:04 Ready?

28:15 Found the nicest shades at the new mall.

28:26 Don't you already have like 10 pairs?

28:35 Hottie looking good.

28:52 Isn't summer over soon?

28:57 Welcome to Daily English Conversations.

29:00 In this series, you'll learn practical English phrases

29:02 for use on social media and in everyday life.

29:13 Here we go.

29:14 Watching the Super Bowl tonight.

29:16 Come on.

29:20 You're not forgetting dinner tonight, right?

29:26 You sound psyched.

29:30 We want to see photos.

29:35 Have fun, but don't get in a fight.

29:40 Let's review the key vocabulary.

29:44 Psyched.

29:47 Enthusiastic.

29:49 Here we go.

29:51 Become prepared for an upcoming event.

29:55 Forget to not remember.

30:02 Photo.

30:01 Photograph an image on paper.

30:04 Get in a fight.

30:07 Involved in a conflict.

30:10 Let's review the key vocabulary.

30:13 Do you remember how to say enthusiastic, psyched, psyched,

30:23 and how to say become prepared for an upcoming event?

30:28 Here we go.

30:30 Here we go.

30:32 What about to not remember?

30:35 Forget.

30:37 Forget.

30:39 Let's try photograph an image on paper.

30:44 Photo.

30:46 Photo.

30:47 Now, let's see if you remember how to say involved in a conflict.

30:53 Get in a fight.

30:56 Get in a fight.

30:59 Let's practice.

31:00 After the sound, read the phrases out loud.

31:03 Ready?

31:16 Here we go.

31:17 Watching the Super Bowl tonight.

31:18 Come on.

31:29 You're not forgetting dinner tonight, right?

31:38 You sound psyched.

31:47 We want to see photos.

31:57 Have fun, but don't get in a fight.

32:02 Hi everybody, my name is Alicia.

32:04 In this lesson, we're going to look

32:06 at jirens and infinitives with 10 common verbs.

32:10 Let's get started.

32:11 First, let's talk about what even is an infinitive.

32:14 What is a gerand?

32:16 Let's break these two very important concepts down and then

32:19 we'll get into the main part of the lesson.

32:22 First, let's look at the infinitive.

32:24 What is an infinitive?

32:26 So, an infinitive is very simple.

32:29 It's just the to verb form.

32:31 So when you see to plus a verb, you're looking at the infinitive form.

32:36 You might find this form of the verb if you look in a dictionary.

32:40 This is called the infinitive form.

32:42 So the infinitive form communicates the feeling of in order

32:47 to in order to do something or it communicates a potential future action.

32:53 So something that might happen in the future,

32:55 something that is going to happen in the future and so on.

32:58 So this is the thing that infinitive refers to.

33:02 Let's compare this to gerand.

33:05 So a gerand is this form.

33:08 So this verb plus ing.

33:12 So you might think, isn't that the same

33:14 thing as like the progressive form of a verb?

33:17 And the answer is yes.

33:18 On paper, the spelling is 100% the same.

33:23 However, the key difference here is that ajarant,

33:26 while it uses this same verb ing form, is taking the place of a noun.

33:33 So, we'll see this in our example sentences later today.

33:36 So, the key here is the grammatical position of the word is different, but yes,

33:41 it does use that verb ing form,

33:43 which is the same as the progressive form of a verb.

33:46 So a gerand communicates an actual activity or an actual action,

33:53 something that is happening or something that happened and so on.

33:56 So let's break down now some very common verbs

34:00 and let's take a look at when we use infinitives,

34:03 when we use jirens with these verbs, if we can use both and so on.

34:08 Because actually in English sometimes we have only

34:12 an infinitive we can use with the verb.

34:14 Sometimes we have only a gerand we can use,

34:17 sometimes we can use both and sometimes we can use both but the meaning changes.

34:23 So as you can imagine this is a lot of information to think about and it

34:27 takes some time to get used to which verbs take which form and so on.

34:31 So in this lesson I'm going to break down some very common verbs

34:35 and talk about some really important notes so that you can use them correctly.

34:39 Okay.

34:39 So let's get started by taking a look at the first verb over here.

34:43 A very easy one as you can see the verb finish.

34:46 The verb finish.

34:47 We cannot use the verb finish with a to verb.

34:51 We don't use finish to verb.

34:54 We don't use it in this way.

34:55 So let's talk about now the other side of this so that you

34:59 can see how we should use finish when we're connecting to other verbs.

35:04 We use the verb finish with a gerand.

35:07 So what does this look like?

35:09 Here are two example sentences.

35:12 He finished working at 6.

35:14 He finished working at 6.

35:17 Working is the gerand in the ing form.

35:20 Here she'll finish cooking soon.

35:23 She'll finish cooking soon.

35:26 Here is the gerant cooking.

35:27 So in these sentences again we have the jarn form and this is

35:31 the only form that we can use with the verb finish.

35:35 So if we imagine this the same verbs with the verb finish over here,

35:40 we cannot apply an infinitive rule.

35:42 So for example, he finished to work at 6 is incorrect.

35:47 And she'll finish to cook soon is also incorrect.

35:51 So when you use the verb finish,

35:53 make sure that you connect it to the next verb with this gerand form.

35:58 Okay.

35:58 So this is our first example.

36:00 We'll go one by one through all of the examples like

36:03 this and take a look at which form is appropriate for each verb.

36:07 Okay, so let's take a look at the next verb.

36:10 So the next verb is actually two verbs.

36:12 We can use this same rule for the verbs start and begin.

36:17 So start and begin can both be used with the infinitive after the verb.

36:23 So our examples, the little girl started to cry.

36:27 The little girl started to cry.

36:29 Here's our infinitive verb to cry.

36:32 And we should begin to plan our next product.

36:36 We should begin to plan our next product.

36:39 So, both of these example sentences contain

36:41 the infinitive form to cry and to plan.

36:44 And they communicate some upcoming future action

36:47 or in this case, this action here, the little girl started to cry is like

36:52 saying it's the beginning of this future action.

36:55 That's what we're communicating here.

36:57 So let's compare this to using these with the gerand form.

37:01 So start and begin can also be used with the gerand form.

37:05 The little girl started crying and we should begin planning our next product.

37:11 So we can use both forms with these verbs and they communicate the same idea.

37:18 Okay, let's continue to our next verb.

37:20 The next verb is stop.

37:22 Stop.

37:23 You'll notice I've marked this with a blue star.

37:25 We have some special notes for this verb.

37:27 But first, let's take a look at the example sentences.

37:30 First, let's stop to eat at this restaurant.

37:34 Let's stop to eat at this restaurant.

37:36 So, imagine you're driving in a car perhaps

37:38 and you see a restaurant that looks good for lunch.

37:41 Let's stop to eat at this restaurant.

37:44 So, in other words, let's stop in order to eat at this restaurant.

37:49 And our second example, he stopped to smoke.

37:53 He stopped to smoke.

37:54 So for example, he was walking down the street.

37:57 He stopped walking in order to smoke.

38:00 That's what this sentence communicates.

38:03 So let's compare these example sentences with the infinitive

38:07 form to the example sentences with the jiren form.

38:10 Stop is an example of a verb that can

38:13 take both the infinitive and the jiren forms.

38:17 However, the meaning changes.

38:19 So let's take a look at this.

38:21 Our first example, let's stop eating at this restaurant.

38:25 Let's stop eating at this restaurant.

38:28 So we have stop and eating.

38:30 Eating is our gerant.

38:32 This sentence means we should not eat at this restaurant again.

38:36 So stop eating at this restaurant means

38:39 maybe we ate at this restaurant many times, but something happened this time.

38:43 Maybe you go to the restaurant and there are bugs in the restaurant

38:46 or the food is terrible or it's very expensive or the staff is very rude.

38:51 Something bad happens and you say,

38:53 "Let's stop eating at this restaurant." This is what the garand form expresses.

38:59 Remember the infinitive form was let's stop to eat at this restaurant

39:03 which means let's stop the car and go for food at this restaurant.

39:08 This one communicates we don't want to eat here anymore.

39:11 So this is a big change.

39:14 Let's stop gerand communicates let's not do this thing any longer.

39:20 Let's look at one more example.

39:22 He stopped smoking.

39:24 He stopped smoking.

39:25 This sentence means he stopped the habit of smoking.

39:29 So maybe he was a smoker.

39:31 He smoked cigarettes for a very long time

39:34 and then one day he decided to change that habit.

39:38 He stopped smoking.

39:39 So this again is completely finishing a behavior.

39:45 In our first example with the infinitive form, he stopped to smoke.

39:49 This communicates stopping one action one time in order to do another action.

39:54 However, with the gerand form,

39:57 it means completely stopping or completely finishing an action.

40:01 So please keep this in mind.

40:03 Both are completely correct.

40:05 Both example sets are completely correct.

40:08 But stop takes the infinitive and the gerand and it

40:11 communicates different ideas depending on which one you choose.

40:14 So this is a very important one to keep in mind.

40:17 Okay, let's continue to our next verb.

40:19 The next verb is decide.

40:21 Decide.

40:22 Let's look at the first example.

40:24 Decide.

40:25 They decided to leave.

40:27 They decided to leave.

40:29 So in this situation, we have to leave as our infinitive verb.

40:34 And in this case, we're communicating some upcoming action.

40:37 and there's a future action.

40:39 They decided to leave.

40:40 So that sounds like they are going to leave very soon.

40:44 Our second example, she decided to move to a new house.

40:49 She decided to move to a new house.

40:51 So again, this sentence with to move

40:54 in the infinitive communicates an upcoming action,

40:57 a future action, something that is going to happen.

41:00 She decided to move to a new house.

41:03 So this is how we use the verb decide with the infinitive form over here.

41:08 Decide cannot be used with the jiren form.

41:10 We cannot use the ing form after the verb decide.

41:14 For example, they decided leaving is incorrect.

41:18 Or she decided moving also incorrect.

41:21 We cannot use decide in the same way as we do with the infinitive form.

41:25 So you don't have to worry about it here.

41:27 Okay, great.

41:28 Let's continue on to the next one.

41:30 The next one is practice.

41:32 Practice.

41:32 So, I've marked this with a red triangle

41:35 to kind of show you a warning a little bit.

41:38 So, practice cannot be used in exactly the same

41:41 way with the infinitive and the gerand forms.

41:44 Actually, we use practice most of the time with the garand form.

41:49 I'll show you these example sentences in just a second,

41:52 but there are a couple of sentence structures where

41:55 we do see the infinitive form used with practice.

41:58 So I want to start actually with the gerand

42:00 form over here because it's more common with this verb.

42:03 So let's take a look at how we use practice with the gerand.

42:06 First example sentence, she practiced singing yesterday.

42:11 She practiced singing yesterday.

42:13 So in this sentence, singing is the activity for the practice.

42:17 Okay.

42:18 In the second example, we should practice cooking this.

42:21 We should practice cooking this.

42:23 So if you have a very complicated recipe for example,

42:26 you might say we should practice cooking this.

42:29 So again, cooking is the activity for practice.

42:33 Okay?

42:34 So we are expressing some kind of activity that you want

42:37 to do many times in order to get better at that thing.

42:40 So we use the jiren form to do that.

42:43 On the other hand, the infinitive,

42:45 we don't really use the infinitive to do this.

42:47 We don't say she practiced to sing yesterday or we should practice to cook this.

42:54 This doesn't really communicate the same feel as we have with the garand form.

42:58 So we use the gerand form to talk about our practice activities.

43:03 As I mentioned, however,

43:04 there are a couple of sentence structures that we do see

43:08 practice used with the infinitive and those are sentences like these.

43:12 In these sentences, we're not talking

43:14 about the specific activity we are practicing.

43:18 Actually, these sentences are just about the reason for practice.

43:23 So, let's look at what I mean.

43:24 First, I need to practice to get better.

43:28 I need to practice to get better.

43:31 So, this sentence means I need to practice in order to get better.

43:35 Let's look at the second example.

43:37 You should practice to improve your skills.

43:40 So you should practice in order to improve your skills.

43:44 So in sentence patterns like these where the focus is

43:47 on uh our actual improvement of skills where we're building the skills,

43:52 we can use the infinitive form in this way.

43:55 However, when you want to talk about the actual subject you're practicing,

44:00 you should use the garant form.

44:02 So this is a very important and key difference with the verb practice.

44:06 So we use them in different ways.

44:08 Okay, great.

44:09 Let's continue on to the next group.

44:11 The next group is actually three.

44:13 I have like, love, and hate here.

44:16 And we can also use other emotion and mental state related verbs.

44:20 But I want to focus on these three

44:22 because they are very common in everyday communication.

44:25 So we can use like, love,

44:27 and hate with the infinitive form and with the garand form.

44:32 And there's no change in meaning.

44:34 So that's hopefully a relief for you.

44:36 You don't have to worry so much about these verbs.

44:38 Let's take a look.

44:39 So, first, he loves to hike.

44:42 He loves to hike.

44:44 And she hates to lose.

44:46 She hates to lose.

44:48 And we like to watch movies.

44:50 We like to watch movies.

44:52 So, all of these communicate this idea

44:55 of something that we feel emotional about,

44:58 some kind of regular activity that we enjoy or that we dislike.

45:02 We can do the same thing with the Jiren form, and it's perfectly correct.

45:06 He loves hiking.

45:08 He loves hiking.

45:09 She hates losing.

45:11 She hates losing.

45:12 And we like watching movies.

45:15 We like watching movies.

45:17 So these sentences, no matter which one you choose,

45:19 you are going to communicate the same idea.

45:22 So this form and this form, there's really not a difference between the two.

45:27 So I hope that this one gives you a sense of relief.

45:30 You don't have to worry so much about this.

45:32 Okay, let's move on to the next one, though.

45:34 The next few are some very intense topics.

45:37 So we have a lot to talk about here.

45:39 So first let's take a look at the verb remember.

45:43 Remember.

45:43 So our example sentences.

45:45 He remembered to buy milk.

45:47 He remembered to buy milk.

45:49 And we didn't remember to watch the movie.

45:52 We didn't remember to watch the movie.

45:54 So here infinitive form he remembered to buy.

45:58 Okay.

45:58 So in other words, another way to say this is he did not forget to buy milk.

46:03 Right?

46:04 We he remembered to buy milk and we didn't remember to watch the movie.

46:09 We didn't remember to watch the movie.

46:11 We have the infinitive forms here.

46:13 Okay.

46:14 So these sentences, the meaning is pretty clear, I think.

46:17 Right?

46:17 So these are actions we remembered to do, right?

46:21 Let's compare this though to the garand use

46:25 of remember because we communicate something very different here.

46:29 He remembered buying milk.

46:32 He remembered buying milk.

46:34 This sentence means he remembered the activity of buying milk.

46:40 That means he remembers his actions.

46:42 He remembers going to the store and talking to the staff

46:46 at the store and giving them money and taking the milk home.

46:50 He remembered all of that.

46:52 He remembered the activity of buying milk.

46:55 Okay, this is what this sentence communicates with the jarn form.

46:59 He remembered that action, that specific action.

47:02 Second example, we didn't remember watching the movie.

47:06 We didn't remember watching the movie.

47:09 So this sentence again we have the negative here.

47:12 This sentence means we the speakers, the group of people,

47:16 they do not remember the activity of watching the movie.

47:20 So this sounds like they watched a movie but they don't remember any of it.

47:25 They don't remember.

47:26 Maybe they were very tired or maybe there was some other thing happening.

47:30 They were very stressed out or something like that.

47:33 So they do not remember the activity the action of watching the movie.

47:38 That is what this grammar choice this this gerand here communicates this idea

47:44 that the specific action itself is the thing that the person does not remember.

47:49 So this is a key difference with the gerant form and the infinitive.

47:54 Here we're talking about the action remembering to do a thing

47:59 and on the other hand we're talking about the experience itself.

48:04 So this is a key difference here.

48:05 We're going to see this again with the next verb as well.

48:08 So this is our first one.

48:10 Let's look at a similar pattern that we have with our next verb.

48:13 Then the verb forget is the same idea as remember.

48:17 It's just the opposite, right?

48:19 Remember and forget.

48:20 We have the same rule that applies.

48:22 So let's look at our examples.

48:24 He forgot to meet me.

48:25 He forgot to meet me.

48:27 So here we have our infinitive.

48:28 He forgot to meet.

48:30 He forgot to meet me.

48:31 So in this case, some activity, some meeting was scheduled and he forgot.

48:37 So I was planning to meet him.

48:39 He forgot.

48:40 Okay.

48:40 So this is just one action, a one-time thing.

48:43 He forgot to do this action.

48:45 Second example, she forgot to email the file.

48:48 She forgot to email the file.

48:50 So I had a plan to email the file or something.

48:53 or she rather she had a plan to email the file.

48:56 She forgot.

48:56 She forgot to do that action.

48:58 So, we have this same feeling that we just talked about with remember.

49:03 Yes, this was a one-time thing.

49:04 He forgot to meet me this one time

49:06 and she forgot to email this thing the one time.

49:10 On the other hand, when we use the garand form here,

49:13 we're talking about the whole experience.

49:16 Forgetting the whole experience.

49:18 So, he forgot meeting me.

49:21 He forgot meeting me means we met maybe a long time ago but he forgot.

49:28 So this has probably happened to many people.

49:30 You meet someone one time very quickly in the past and maybe

49:34 you meet them again in the future and you're like who are you?

49:37 Sorry I don't remember meeting you or I forgot meeting you.

49:41 So this means the experience of meeting

49:44 that person the complete experience is gone.

49:46 You forgot about that.

49:48 Let's look at our second example.

49:50 She forgot emailing the file.

49:52 She forgot emailing the file.

49:54 This means she did email the file.

49:56 She emailed the file, but she forgot about doing it.

49:59 She forgot she was doing lots of different things that day at work.

50:03 She forgot about that specific experience of emailing the file.

50:07 So, we can use this to talk about entire experiences we forget.

50:12 Sometimes there's just part of our day we don't remember, right?

50:15 We can express that with this.

50:17 So forget and remember take this same kind of special

50:21 meaning when we have the garand form and we

50:24 use them uh in the infinitive form just to talk

50:26 about those one-time actions that we forget or remember.

50:30 Okay, great.

50:31 Let's continue on to our last two verbs.

50:33 We have some more notes to talk about here, but they're very important.

50:36 So let's talk about how we use go

50:39 with the gerand now because it is very different,

50:42 but it's also correct to use go with the gerant form of a verb.

50:46 So we use go with jirens generally when we're talking about an activity

50:51 like hobbies or sports things that we like to do outside the house.

50:55 We can use the jiren form to express this.

50:58 For example, they went surfing.

51:01 They went surfing.

51:03 So this expresses an activity they left their home to do.

51:07 They went surfing.

51:08 Second example, she goes swimming once a month.

51:12 She goes swimming once a month.

51:14 So it sounds kind of unnatural to use the infinitive

51:17 form here as in she goes to swim once a month.

51:20 We usually use the jarn form when we talk about our hobbies or our activities.

51:25 On the other hand, if we try to use the jarn form in these sentences,

51:28 it sounds very very strange.

51:30 It's not correct.

51:30 So don't use it.

51:31 For example, he went buying milk an hour ago.

51:34 Don't use that.

51:35 It's not correct.

51:36 And she went picking up her friend.

51:38 Also not correct.

51:40 We cannot use those.

51:41 So, [snorts] please keep in mind that when we use

51:43 go and we're talking about our errands and our everyday tasks,

51:47 we use the infinitive to express that.

51:49 If you want to talk about your hobbies,

51:51 your favorite activities, and sports, use the garand to express that.

51:55 Okay, great.

51:56 We are almost at the end.

51:57 Let's talk about our last verb here.

51:59 So, the last verb is try.

52:01 Try.

52:02 There are a couple of different uses I want to talk about in this lesson.

52:06 So I first want to talk about uh how we use try to mean attempt something.

52:12 So let's look at our example.

52:14 He tried to cook dinner.

52:15 He tried to cook dinner.

52:17 So we can understand this as he attempted to cook dinner.

52:20 He did his best to cook dinner.

52:22 So here we have to cook as the infinitive.

52:25 He tried to cook dinner.

52:26 Okay.

52:27 Second example.

52:28 They tried to unlock the door.

52:31 They tried to unlock the door.

52:33 So again they attempted to unlock the door is what this means.

52:38 So we can use this use of try with the jarn form as well.

52:44 So he tried cooking dinner.

52:46 He tried cooking dinner.

52:48 So he attempted cooking dinner.

52:50 He attempted the task of cooking dinner.

52:53 And they tried unlocking the door.

52:56 So they attempted this action, right?

52:58 They attempted the action of unlocking the door.

53:01 So we can use try in this way to talk about attempting to do things.

53:06 This is totally fine.

53:08 However, there are some situations in which it doesn't

53:11 sound good to use the garand form with try.

53:14 And that's when I'll move to this side.

53:16 That's when we use try to talk about our habits.

53:20 So for example, in this example sentence,

53:23 it says I try to exercise three times a week.

53:27 I try to exercise three times a week.

53:31 We use this to talk about our future actions, right?

53:33 As we discussed earlier, we're talking about something that we do as part

53:37 of our everyday routine or a regular weekly routine.

53:41 We cannot use try in this way with the jarn form.

53:45 For example, I try exercising three times a week.

53:49 That sounds very strange because we generally use try

53:53 to refer to attempts when we use the jarn form.

53:56 I try exercising three times a week.

53:58 Sounds quite strange.

54:00 And our second example, she tries to save money every month.

54:04 She tries to save money every month as a habit.

54:08 So if we say she tries saving money every month,

54:12 it sort of sounds like one big experience that she attempts each month.

54:17 It doesn't really communicate the feeling of a habit

54:20 that we have when we use the infinitive form.

54:22 So if you want to express a habit to talk

54:25 about something you always try to do each month, use the infinitive form.

54:30 If you want to talk about attempting something,

54:33 you can use the jiren form or the infinitive form to do that.

54:37 Phw.

54:37 All right, that was a lot of information.

54:39 I know jirens and infinitives have lots and lots of possibilities.

54:44 And if you feel kind of confused, that's okay.

54:46 There's a lot of information to take in.

54:49 This is one of those things that just takes time and practice.

54:52 I really recommend you do some reading practice, of course,

54:56 and do some listening practice as well to get

54:58 the feel for which is most natural to use, infinitive form or jiren form.

55:04 In this lesson, I covered some very, very common verbs.

55:07 And there are lots and lots of other verbs out there,

55:10 but the truth is that we have to look

55:12 at each verb on a case-bycase basis because,

55:14 as we saw, there are some verbs that just take some special care.

55:18 So, I hope this lesson gave you a good introduction to jirens and infinitives

55:23 and you have some good ideas about how you can use them with these common verbs.

55:27 But of course, if you have any other questions or if you

55:29 want to practice making some example sentences or just leave a comment,

55:32 please feel free to do so in the comment section of this video.

55:36 Also, if you like this lesson, please don't forget to give it a thumbs up

55:39 and subscribe to our channel if you haven't already.

55:41 Also, check us out at englishclass101.com for some other

55:44 things that can help you with your English studies.

55:47 Thanks very much for watching this lesson and I will see you again soon.

55:50 Bye.

55:51 Hi everybody, my name is Alicia.

55:53 In this lesson, we're going to look at some

55:55 expressions you can use for catching up with someone.

55:59 We're going to take a look at some

56:01 questions and responses and we're going to break

56:03 down the different grammar points we use

56:05 in these situations and see how they work together.

56:08 So, let's get started.

56:10 First, let's take a look at this first set of questions.

56:14 These are very common questions we use to start a catchup conversation.

56:19 So, this is a conversation with a person

56:22 you probably haven't seen for some time.

56:25 We typically use present perfect tense to start these conversations.

56:30 So, the first question we commonly use is how have you been?

56:35 How have you been?

56:37 So this question means since the last time we saw

56:40 each other in the past until now what was your condition?

56:44 So this period of time in which we did not meet we did not see each other we did

56:49 not contact each other in that time how were

56:52 you or how were you from that point until now.

56:56 So we ask this how have you been

56:58 question generally at the beginning of a catchup session.

57:01 To respond to that, we usually use I've been adjective.

57:07 I've been adjective.

57:09 Some very common ones are good.

57:12 I've been good.

57:13 I've been okay.

57:15 I've been all right.

57:17 I've been busy.

57:18 I've been tired.

57:20 And one more.

57:21 I've been swamped.

57:22 You might hear this one used too.

57:24 Swamped means very, very busy and kind of overwhelmed.

57:27 It's too much.

57:29 Generally, we just say good.

57:31 Good.

57:32 And you'll notice here I have parentheses around I've been.

57:36 Sometimes we just respond to this question with the adjective.

57:40 How have you been?

57:41 Good.

57:42 How have you been?

57:43 Okay.

57:44 How have you been?

57:45 Busy and so on.

57:47 So, you can use I've been if you want to create a full sentence,

57:50 but generally because it's just quick and easy,

57:53 we just say the adjective to respond.

57:55 Have you been?

57:56 Good.

57:57 Okay, let's look at the next present perfect question.

58:00 Next is what have you been up to?

58:03 What have you been up to?

58:05 So again, we're using present perfect tense in this question.

58:09 That means again since the last point in time that we met to now,

58:14 what were you doing?

58:15 What were your activities?

58:17 That's what this question is asking.

58:18 But in a very casual way.

58:20 What have you been up to?

58:22 What have you been up to?

58:24 At native speed, this sounds very fast.

58:26 It sounds like, "What have you been up to?" or maybe even,

58:28 "What you been up to?" So, how do we respond to this question?

58:32 To respond to this question, we use I've been verb plus the ing ending here.

58:39 So, some examples of this are I've been working.

58:44 I've been studying.

58:45 I've been hanging out.

58:47 So, this means nothing special really,

58:49 just hanging out, spending time with my friends.

58:52 I've been hanging out.

58:53 I've been sitting at my computer or I've been

58:56 taking care of my kids or I've been visiting family.

59:00 So again, we're using this present perfect grammar structure here.

59:06 I've been ing form and yes,

59:08 you'll notice this is present perfect continuous we're using to respond to this.

59:13 What have you been up to?

59:14 I've been ing form.

59:17 So, we use this ing form to show that the action

59:20 started in the past and has been continuing for some time.

59:24 That's why we're using the continuous to respond

59:26 to this question as opposed to just basic present perfect tense.

59:30 Something else.

59:31 So, this continuous form sounds very natural to reply with.

59:36 What have you been up to?

59:37 H working.

59:38 So, you can also just drop the I've been here too.

59:41 It's very natural to do that.

59:43 What have you been up to?

59:44 Studying.

59:45 Studying a lot.

59:46 or what have you been up to?

59:47 Taking care of my kids.

59:48 I've been so busy and so on.

59:50 So, you can use these two together.

59:52 It's very natural to use these two together.

59:55 All right, let's move on to the next one.

59:58 The next question is a little bit more specific then.

1:00:01 So, how has noun phrase been going?

1:00:04 How has nounphrase been going?

1:00:07 In this sentence, the noun phrase is something you know about the other person,

1:00:12 something they were working on, something

1:00:14 they were struggling with, something they

1:00:16 were interested in, something you remember

1:00:19 about your past conversations with that person.

1:00:22 You want to ask about an update with that.

1:00:25 So, for example, these are very, very common ones.

1:00:28 How has work been going?

1:00:30 How has school been going?

1:00:32 How has business been going?

1:00:34 And you'll notice with these two, how has work?

1:00:36 How is school?

1:00:37 How has business been going?

1:00:39 These are all kind of ongoing things and they're also activities, right?

1:00:44 So, we don't use a person here.

1:00:46 Like, we don't say, "How has your wife been going?" or something like that.

1:00:49 We don't use that.

1:00:50 We use activities, kinds of activities and things

1:00:53 that we do on a daily basis here.

1:00:56 So, maybe there's like a sport or a hobby

1:00:58 or something like that the other person does.

1:01:00 You could use that here.

1:01:02 Like, how has your photography class been going?

1:01:04 And so on.

1:01:05 These three are probably the most common.

1:01:08 So, how do we respond to this question?

1:01:10 We can respond again with a very similar pattern.

1:01:14 It's been adjective.

1:01:16 It's been adjective.

1:01:18 This is almost the same as the first one here,

1:01:21 but the key difference is we're using it's here in the subject.

1:01:26 It's been adjective.

1:01:27 Here we said I've been adjective to talk about your condition.

1:01:32 This uses it's been to talk about this thing.

1:01:34 the condition of this thing.

1:01:36 So, for example, how has work been going?

1:01:39 It's been good or it's been the same or it's been crazy or it's been busy,

1:01:46 it's been hard, it's been interesting, it's been weird, and it's been amazing.

1:01:52 So, you can choose lots and lots of different

1:01:54 adjectives here to give some information about the status,

1:01:58 the recent status of that activity.

1:02:00 So keep in mind if you choose something like weird or hard or something like

1:02:04 that, you should probably be prepared to explain

1:02:08 a little bit more in detail about that.

1:02:10 But generally you can just use an adjective or you can use the full sentence.

1:02:14 It's been the same.

1:02:16 It's been good.

1:02:17 Okay, let's look at our last question that uses present perfect tense.

1:02:21 So the last one is, have you been verbing lately?

1:02:26 Have you been verbing lately?

1:02:29 So this is another type of question you

1:02:31 can use to ask about someone else's activity.

1:02:34 So this question is different from this question because

1:02:38 this one is a simple yes or no question.

1:02:40 Have you been doing that thing I know that you used to do lately?

1:02:45 For example, have you been working out lately?

1:02:48 Have you been cooking lately?

1:02:49 Have you been traveling lately?

1:02:51 Have you been working a lot lately?

1:02:53 And so on.

1:02:54 So you can use these little key points you remember

1:02:57 from the last conversation and ask if they are still doing those things.

1:03:02 So to respond to this, what should we say?

1:03:04 This is a yes or no question, right?

1:03:06 So we can respond with yes, a little bit and no and the different spectrum.

1:03:12 There's a different uh group of or rather there

1:03:14 are different types of answers we can use here.

1:03:17 So have you been working out lately?

1:03:19 For example, yes, all the time.

1:03:21 All the time.

1:03:22 So all the time, this is something that we use to mean yes very often.

1:03:27 Very often, but all the time sounds

1:03:29 more casual and more friendly than yes often.

1:03:32 Often sounds a little formal here.

1:03:34 Or you could say here and there.

1:03:37 Here and there, which is a casual way to say sometimes.

1:03:40 Same thing with now and then.

1:03:42 Now and then.

1:03:43 So have you been traveling lately?

1:03:46 Now and then.

1:03:47 So this means sometimes.

1:03:48 Both of these mean sometimes.

1:03:51 Then if you are not doing something very much, you can say,

1:03:56 "I haven't been verbing much lately." I haven't been verbing much lately.

1:04:01 So, have you been cooking lately?

1:04:04 I haven't been cooking much lately.

1:04:06 No.

1:04:07 Or one more.

1:04:08 No, I stopped verbing at a past point in time.

1:04:12 So, for example, have you been working out lately?

1:04:16 No, I stopped working out about 3 months ago.

1:04:19 I got really busy.

1:04:20 So you can express that something stopped as well with this pattern.

1:04:24 No, I stopped in past point in time.

1:04:28 Okay.

1:04:28 So these are generally uh some of the most common questions that we use

1:04:33 to start these catch-up conversations and these are

1:04:36 typically the responses that you can use.

1:04:38 So they're very quick and very short, right?

1:04:40 And then after you finished this thing,

1:04:43 there's your first opportunity for a how about you question.

1:04:46 So you can go how have you been?

1:04:48 Yeah, I've been good.

1:04:49 How about you?

1:04:50 I've been good.

1:04:51 And then continue on to the next part of the conversation.

1:04:55 So after one of these, generally this question is the first

1:04:58 one that you can uh finish with, how about you?

1:05:01 You can follow that up with uh just

1:05:03 asking the same question to the other person.

1:05:06 And then for more detailed follow-up questions, we will change grammar points.

1:05:11 So let's get into this next.

1:05:13 So I have a couple different groups,

1:05:15 a couple different categories of follow-up questions.

1:05:19 First, let's take a look at follow-ups that use simple past tense.

1:05:23 So, the first one is did you verb or did you ever verb.

1:05:28 So, this ever is useful when you know the other person had some plan.

1:05:34 You knew about some plan they had like to change jobs, to move to another house,

1:05:38 something like that, and you want to ask if they did that thing.

1:05:43 So, did you ever verb for example, did you ever move to a new house or did

1:05:49 you ever change jobs or did you ever sell your car?

1:05:53 So, this use of ever also is typically used after a long

1:05:57 time like you haven't seen someone for a very long time, maybe a year or more.

1:06:02 You have a lot to talk about.

1:06:04 If you saw the person like last month, it sounds too short.

1:06:07 Like that's too short of a time period to use ever.

1:06:10 We typically use this over a long period of time.

1:06:14 So if you just want to ask if the person did something,

1:06:17 just drop ever from the sentence.

1:06:19 It's still 100% correct.

1:06:21 So did you move to a new house or did you change jobs or did you sell your car?

1:06:26 That's just a simple basic uh past tense structure.

1:06:29 That's totally fine to use.

1:06:31 For more emphasis on the long period of time, include ever here.

1:06:36 So simple past tense question.

1:06:38 How do we respond to this?

1:06:40 We respond with yes, I past tense verb.

1:06:44 So yes, I moved or yes, I changed jobs or yes, I sold my car.

1:06:50 So that's a very simple, straightforward, clear answer.

1:06:54 Yes, I did.

1:06:55 In other words, you can also say not yet.

1:06:58 Not yet, I'm planning to.

1:07:01 So this shows that although there's no change at this point in time,

1:07:04 there will be a change in the future.

1:07:06 And finally, nope, I decided not to.

1:07:10 No, I decided not to.

1:07:11 So, we still have this past tense in our response.

1:07:14 I decided not to.

1:07:17 So, this not to means I decided not to do this thing.

1:07:21 I decided not to move to a new house.

1:07:23 I decided not to change jobs and so on.

1:07:26 But we finish with this to.

1:07:28 This is okay in casual conversations.

1:07:31 Okay, let's take a look at one more simple past tense question.

1:07:34 Then when did you start verbing?

1:07:37 When did you start verbing?

1:07:39 So this is a simple past tense question.

1:07:42 When did you start that new activity?

1:07:45 So when did you start working at your new job?

1:07:49 When did you start taking classes?

1:07:52 When did you start working out?

1:07:54 So we use this ing form after the verb start.

1:07:58 Start.

1:07:58 So we're connecting these two verbs together.

1:08:00 Start plus the other activity.

1:08:02 When did you start?

1:08:04 The answer for this is very simple.

1:08:06 I started at past point in time.

1:08:09 I started past point in time.

1:08:11 I started last summer.

1:08:13 I started two weeks ago.

1:08:15 I started about a year ago.

1:08:17 So, we can use a very very simple past tense answer here

1:08:21 and just put the point in time at which we started the activity there.

1:08:25 All right.

1:08:26 Let's move on to the next kind of category grammar

1:08:30 category which is present progressive

1:08:33 or present continuous questions and responses.

1:08:37 So when you want to move the conversation to the things

1:08:40 that are happening now you can use this question.

1:08:44 So what are you verbing on now?

1:08:48 What are you verbing on now?

1:08:51 For example, what are you working on now?

1:08:54 or what are you making now?

1:08:57 What are you doing now?

1:08:59 I have this on here because we tend to use

1:09:01 working on a lot in this question to mean generally.

1:09:05 What kinds of projects or what kinds of activities?

1:09:08 So on is in parentheses here.

1:09:10 We don't need to use it with making or doing though.

1:09:14 So what are you verbing now?

1:09:16 The answer also uses the same progressive form.

1:09:20 I'm working on new software or I'm

1:09:23 making a website or I'm taking language classes.

1:09:27 So again, we're using the progressive form

1:09:30 to show that that activity is continuing.

1:09:33 We've asked with the progressive form as well to show

1:09:36 that we expect there's a continuing action happening too.

1:09:39 Okay, great.

1:09:41 So finally, I want to take a look in this category at this question, too.

1:09:45 Are you still verbing?

1:09:48 Are you still verbing?

1:09:49 This is extremely similar to this one that we talked about earlier.

1:09:54 Have you been verbing lately?

1:09:56 So, this is one that we use to talk about past activities

1:10:00 or activities that started in the past and continue to the present.

1:10:03 This one, are you still verbing is asking is that a present activity for you?

1:10:10 And this still shows that you remember

1:10:13 that was the other person's activity in the past.

1:10:16 So for example, if you know your friend really liked cooking,

1:10:20 you might say to them, "Are you still cooking a lot?" Which means today,

1:10:24 at this point in time, is that an activity you are doing?

1:10:28 Using still shows you remember that that was

1:10:32 their favorite activity or something like that.

1:10:34 So still can help you to express

1:10:36 that you remember something about the other person.

1:10:38 Are you still cooking?

1:10:39 Are you still traveling a lot?

1:10:41 Are you still working a lot?

1:10:42 And so on.

1:10:43 So this question actually we can respond to it

1:10:46 with the same answers that we practiced earlier.

1:10:50 Yes, all the time, here and there, now and then and other adverbs of frequency.

1:10:55 Yeah, sometimes and so on.

1:10:57 So this is a very straightforward easy yes or no question.

1:11:02 All right, let's go to the last point for today's lesson.

1:11:05 Future tense questions.

1:11:06 So when you're catching up with someone,

1:11:08 maybe you tend to start with the past, right?

1:11:11 What did you do?

1:11:12 what have you been doing and so on.

1:11:14 How is this?

1:11:15 How is that?

1:11:16 And then you talk about what's coming up next, right?

1:11:19 So, how do you ask about someone's future plans?

1:11:22 Here's a very general question you can use.

1:11:25 What are you going to do next?

1:11:27 What are you going to do next?

1:11:29 So, we use going to here because we're asking the other

1:11:33 person about the plans they have already decided for themselves.

1:11:38 We do not use what will you do next.

1:11:40 We don't use this because that doesn't sound like a plan the other person made.

1:11:44 We use will those grammar points when we're not

1:11:48 sure about something or when we've just decided that thing.

1:11:51 So if you ask this question, what are you going to do next?

1:11:55 It's going to prompt or they're probably

1:11:57 going to reply with their next planned activity.

1:12:00 For example, I'm going to start a new company.

1:12:04 I'm gonna start a new company.

1:12:05 Or I'm going to relax.

1:12:08 I'm going to relax.

1:12:09 Or if they're not sure, you might get a response like this.

1:12:14 I'm not sure yet.

1:12:16 I'll probably do some research.

1:12:19 I'm not sure yet.

1:12:20 I'll probably do some research.

1:12:21 Here, you'll notice I've used will.

1:12:23 I will.

1:12:24 This is the reduced form of I will.

1:12:26 I will probably do some research.

1:12:28 We like to use I will probably do

1:12:31 this and this and this when we're not 100% sure, but we have an idea.

1:12:36 I'll probably do this.

1:12:39 So, you might see will used in response to this question

1:12:42 when someone is not 100% sure about their activities.

1:12:46 Okay, great.

1:12:47 So, we've covered a lot of different grammar points,

1:12:50 but we use all of these together to catch up with someone.

1:12:54 So, as I said, we typically start from the past,

1:12:56 we catch up on the things we missed,

1:12:58 and then we talk about what's happening now,

1:13:01 and then we talk about what they're going to do in the future.

1:13:04 So, I hope that this lesson helps you

1:13:05 to see how these different grammar points work together.

1:13:08 and helps you to understand some of the small key differences

1:13:12 in the questions and in the responses that we looked at in this lesson.

1:13:17 So, I hope that this helped you a lot and I hope

1:13:18 that you can use this in your catchup conversations with your friends,

1:13:22 your family members, your classmates and so on.

1:13:25 All right, so that will be the end of this lesson,

1:13:27 but I hope that you enjoyed it.

1:13:29 If you have any questions or comments or if

1:13:31 you want to practice making some example conversations,

1:13:34 please feel free to do so in the comment section of this video.

1:13:37 Also, if you like this lesson, please don't forget to give it a thumbs up

1:13:40 and subscribe to our channel if you haven't already.

1:13:42 Also, check us out at englishclass101.com for some other

1:13:45 things that can help you with your English studies.

1:13:48 Thanks very much for watching this lesson and I will see you again soon.

1:13:51 Bye.

1:13:52 Hi everybody.

1:13:53 Welcome back to Know Your Verbs.

1:13:55 My name is Alicia and in this lesson we're going to talk about the verb turn.

1:13:59 Let's get started.

1:14:03 Let's start with the basic definition of the verb turn.

1:14:07 The basic definition of turn is to change the direction

1:14:11 of movement or to change the direction one is facing.

1:14:15 Some examples.

1:14:17 Turn left at the next stoplight.

1:14:20 She turned to the door.

1:14:23 Now let's look at the conjugations for this verb.

1:14:26 Present turns.

1:14:30 past turned.

1:14:32 Past participle turned progressive turning.

1:14:39 Now let's talk about some additional meanings for this verb.

1:14:42 The first additional meaning is to move in a circle from a fixed point.

1:14:47 Some examples turn the key in the lock to open the door.

1:14:53 He turned the handle and rolled down the window.

1:14:57 So this use refers to something making

1:14:59 a circular motion turning in a circular motion.

1:15:03 This motion from a fixed point.

1:15:05 So a fixed point means that the center of that circle

1:15:08 or like a center line there does not move.

1:15:11 So that means that this always turns in the same like place

1:15:15 or the same location but we make a circular motion in some way.

1:15:20 The first example sentence is about a key.

1:15:22 So turn the key in the lock refers to making a circular

1:15:27 turning this turning motion a circular motion in a fixed place.

1:15:31 So this does not move but inside this this fixed

1:15:34 place we make this circular motion with a key.

1:15:37 So turn the key in the lock to open the door.

1:15:41 The second example sentence maybe you need to know about older cars to imagine

1:15:46 this but in this case he turned the handle and rolled down the window.

1:15:51 In older cars, we saw windows that had a handle.

1:15:54 So, we had to turn, make this motion in a car to roll the window down.

1:15:59 So, we use turn to talk about this.

1:16:01 The handle in the car uh is attached to the car.

1:16:04 So, it's in a fixed position and we turn

1:16:07 the handle in order to roll the window down.

1:16:10 So, we use turn in this way to talk about these circular

1:16:14 motions um from a point that is set that that is unmoving.

1:16:18 Let's move along to the next additional meaning.

1:16:21 The next meaning is to move to the next page in a book or other document.

1:16:26 Examples, she quickly turned to the next page.

1:16:32 Please turn to page 10 and begin reading.

1:16:36 So this use of turn is very commonly used for books, for newspapers,

1:16:41 for any kind of paper document, something that we can read, a physical document.

1:16:46 or you might see it used in digital books as well.

1:16:50 So to turn means to move from one page to another page.

1:16:54 You might also see turn over used like turn

1:16:57 over the paper and read the other side for example.

1:17:01 But when you're reading a physical book and you

1:17:03 want to talk about your progression of pages,

1:17:06 when you want to talk about this sort of motion,

1:17:08 moving to the next page, we typically use the verb turn.

1:17:12 Turn the page.

1:17:14 The first example sentence was she quickly turned to the next page.

1:17:18 So if you're really excited about a book or you want to describe someone who is,

1:17:22 you could say she quickly turned to the next page.

1:17:26 So that means making this motion very quickly

1:17:28 to move to the next page in a book.

1:17:31 The second example sentence is perhaps something you would hear in a classroom.

1:17:35 Please turn to page 10 and begin reading.

1:17:38 So that means please open your book,

1:17:41 turn until you find page 10 and begin reading there.

1:17:46 So turn to a specific page number is something you might also hear.

1:17:51 The next additional meaning is to use a switch to control something.

1:17:55 Some examples, turn up the volume, turn down the volume, turn off the TV.

1:18:03 So, as you can see from these example sentences,

1:18:06 this use of turn uses a lot of prepositions.

1:18:09 When we talk about using some kind of switch to control something else,

1:18:13 we use prepositions like up or off or on or down.

1:18:19 So, in an example sentence like turn up the volume,

1:18:22 it means use a switch to control the volume using this motion, a turning motion.

1:18:27 often, not always, but we use the verb turn to talk about increasing volume.

1:18:32 So, turn up the volume.

1:18:34 The opposite turn down the volume means use

1:18:37 a switch to control the volume and decrease the volume.

1:18:41 In the example sentence, turn off the TV.

1:18:44 It means use the controls on the TV and power off.

1:18:48 So, turn the power off.

1:18:50 So, means like don't use the TV, turn off the TV.

1:18:54 So I mentioned that this is used for switches.

1:18:57 So switch of course can mean a physical like button or a dial that you can turn.

1:19:03 But now of course with like smartphones as well, we have screens we can use.

1:19:07 So we can think of these sort of like switches.

1:19:10 There are other methods of controlling things, other kind of technologies.

1:19:14 Even though there's not a switch,

1:19:16 like an actual button to push, uh we still use turn up,

1:19:19 turn down, turn on, and turn off to talk

1:19:22 about our activities with these kinds of things.

1:19:25 So, you can still use it.

1:19:27 Some interesting combinations that you might hear, uh, for example,

1:19:30 turn down the TV or turn up the TV.

1:19:34 This actually refers to the volume of something.

1:19:36 So, some people might say,

1:19:38 "Turn up the TV." That means turn up the volume on the TV.

1:19:42 Uh the same thing uh in reverse.

1:19:44 Turn down the TV means turn down the volume, decrease the volume on the TV.

1:19:49 So when you hear this turn used along with some kind of machinery,

1:19:55 listen for that preposition.

1:19:57 Turn up, turn off, turn down, um turn on.

1:20:01 So there are quite a few examples that you can use here,

1:20:04 but they basically talk about controlling things.

1:20:06 The next additional meaning is to become.

1:20:08 to become.

1:20:10 Some examples, the weather turned ugly.

1:20:14 His attitude turned from excited to disappointed when he heard the news.

1:20:20 So turn means become in these cases.

1:20:22 The weather turned ugly.

1:20:24 We can substitute become for turn in this example sentence.

1:20:29 The weather became ugly.

1:20:31 So that means the weather was good and then it became bad.

1:20:34 We just use turn to describe that change.

1:20:37 You can choose become or turn,

1:20:40 but become is going to sound a lot more formal than turn.

1:20:44 Uh, for a more casual expression, you could use get.

1:20:48 Actually, the weather got ugly.

1:20:50 That's a great one, too.

1:20:51 But you may hear turn to refer to becoming.

1:20:54 So, in the second example sentence,

1:20:56 his attitude turned from excited to disappointed when

1:21:00 he heard the news means his attitude became disappointed.

1:21:04 his attitude changed from excited to disappointed.

1:21:08 We use turn here to mean became in this case.

1:21:12 So if you want to, you can describe these kinds of changes with the verb turned.

1:21:17 Um, but you might hear become or as I said get as well.

1:21:20 So you can use turn to talk about these changes or to mean become.

1:21:26 Um, but it's just one of a few different choices that you might hear.

1:21:29 You might hear turn, become, change, or get.

1:21:33 for example.

1:21:34 Um, but they all refer to this kind

1:21:36 of change taking place or one thing becoming something else.

1:21:43 Let's move along to some variations.

1:21:45 Now, the first variation is to turn someone or something in.

1:21:50 This means to present or to submit something that is expected.

1:21:56 Some examples, please turn in your homework by tomorrow morning.

1:22:01 A neighbor turned in the burglar who broke into our house.

1:22:05 So to turn something in refers to presenting

1:22:08 or submitting something you are expected to provide.

1:22:11 So this is very common in classroom situations.

1:22:14 The teacher will say please turn in your homework.

1:22:18 That means please present your homework.

1:22:20 I am expecting you to present your homework.

1:22:22 So please give it to me.

1:22:23 So please turn in your homework.

1:22:25 Very commonly used in education settings.

1:22:28 We see turn in used for people in typically

1:22:32 like police related situations or crime related situations.

1:22:37 In this case, uh the neighbor turned in the burglar who broke into our house.

1:22:43 That means the neighbor brought to the police

1:22:47 the burglar who broke into our house.

1:22:49 So for some reason, the neighbor caught the person who broke

1:22:52 into the speaker's house and brought that person to the police station.

1:22:56 So to turn someone in refers to presenting a person but to police specifically.

1:23:03 So when you're talking about those kinds of situations like crime situations,

1:23:07 you'll hear turn someone in used to talk

1:23:11 about a person being presented to the police.

1:23:14 You can also use this verb reflexively like

1:23:17 the burglar turned himself or herself in to the police.

1:23:21 So you can choose to present yourself if you have committed a crime.

1:23:25 We would say to turn oneself in.

1:23:28 The next variation is to turn someone or something over to someone.

1:23:34 This means to give someone responsibility for someone or something.

1:23:39 Some examples.

1:23:40 I'm going to turn this project over to you.

1:23:43 The police turn the suspect over to the legal team.

1:23:47 So this means you are passing responsibility

1:23:50 for a thing or a person to someone else.

1:23:55 The first example sentence, I'm going to turn this project over to you means

1:24:00 I'm going to pass you the responsibility for this project.

1:24:04 That means you get to make all the decisions.

1:24:06 I want you to make the choices.

1:24:08 You have the responsibility.

1:24:10 I'm going to turn this project over to you.

1:24:13 The second example is about a person.

1:24:16 The police turned the suspect over to the legal team.

1:24:20 This means the police originally had control of the suspect,

1:24:24 but the police turned over the suspect to the legal team.

1:24:29 That means the police passed responsibility for the suspect to the legal team.

1:24:34 So in the beginning, the police had control authority over this person,

1:24:39 but they gave that to the legal team.

1:24:42 So, you might hear this used when there's a new person

1:24:45 joining a company and that person needs to be trained, for example.

1:24:49 You might hear it in like legal situations like

1:24:52 I've talked about in the second example sentence here.

1:24:54 Or you might just hear it used for like um supervising situations in general,

1:24:59 like in events for example.

1:25:01 So, to turn someone over to someone else

1:25:04 means to be in charge of another person.

1:25:07 Okay, so those are hopefully a few new ways for you to use the verb turn.

1:25:11 As I've said, there are lots of different ways to use turn with prepositions.

1:25:16 So, please check out a dictionary for some more information.

1:25:19 Of course, if you have any questions or comments,

1:25:21 or if you want to practice making a sentence with the verb turn,

1:25:25 please feel free to do so in the comment section of this video.

1:25:28 Also, if you like the video, please don't forget to give it a thumbs up,

1:25:32 subscribe to our channel if you have not already,

1:25:34 and check us out at englishclass101.com [music] for some

1:25:37 other things that can help you with your English studies.

1:25:40 Thanks very much for watching this lesson, and I will see you again soon.

1:25:43 Bye-bye.

1:25:45 Turn off the camera.

1:25:47 Turn it off.

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