Back to the 18th-Century - in the Nutmeg Tavern!

0:11 Stupid Sorry about that.

0:14 It's time to get started.

0:15 Welcome into the Nutmeg Tavern.

0:16 We are We have

0:19 [clears throat]

0:18 My throat isn't ready.

0:20 My I've thrown open I've opened the doors early.

0:24 We have started before time.

0:26 I'll figure it out how to say it one way or the other.

0:30 Welcome into the Nutmeg Tavern.

0:31 We I'm your host Jon Townsend and we're going

0:34 to be talking about fun 18th century stuff today.

0:36 Very interesting set of images to look at.

0:40 Um I am joined by Lauren who is on the chat window there.

0:46 Hello.

0:47 And Ivy who is working hard on the console.

0:51 Hello.

0:53 And because I forgot to tell them we were doing this early today.

0:56 So

0:58 [laughter] the mad scramble.

0:59 It's like 5 minutes before like you

1:01 guys should know we're starting IN 5 MINUTES.

1:03 WHAT?

1:04 They were actually trying to do real work.

1:07 Anyway, um so I did this we're doing this early because I need to leave early

1:15 to go up to Kalamazoo for the living

1:19 history event that's this weekend up at Kalamazoo.

1:22 Ryan will be there.

1:23 I'll be up there.

1:25 Maybe even Michael.

1:27 Michael will be there with his new cookbook about colonial road foods

1:33 and lots and lots of other vendors and wonderful things to check out.

1:38 So you can probably find a link in the chat or something like that.

1:46 [snorts]

1:45 So today we're looking into a book a set of images done by William Henry Pine.

1:52 And Pine super interesting character super interesting character.

1:58 Born in 1669 and passed away in 1843.

2:05 He was sort of a natural artist.

2:10 And he started doing art and he studied under an artist but he didn't

2:16 he didn't apprentice under this artist at least not in a normal kind of way.

2:22 Uh he started exhibiting as early as 1790.

2:27 So he was only 21 at the time.

2:30 And he specialized in regular people rustic images um

2:36 in landscape situations and similar kinds of settings like that.

2:43 And um really and he was a watercolorist also.

2:50 And he was he really was kind of taking

2:54 the uh the the page out of the Dutch book

2:59 of the 17th century and kind of continuing on in what's

3:05 what's the name I'm looking for mid-18th century watercolorist.

3:10 Rowlandson?

3:11 No, he's later too.

3:12 No.

3:13 Sandby?

3:13 Sandby.

3:14 Okay.

3:14 Uh very similar to Sandby except he really

3:17 kind of works more into more into people.

3:20 Sandby kind of he would do a lot more kind of backed

3:23 out um landscapes but Pine really gets in there and gives us vignettes.

3:30 In In fact he created this whole book of vignettes about from 1800 to 1804.

3:37 Call it The Title is huge.

3:38 It's like it's great.

3:39 Here's the title.

3:41 Microcosm or a picturesque delineation

3:44 of the arts agricultures manufactures etc.

3:46 of Great Britain in a series above 600 groups of small figures

3:51 for the establishment of landscape comprising the most

3:54 interesting subjects in the rural and domestic

3:57 scenery in external and internal navigation

4:00 in the country sports and employments

4:02 in the arts of war and peace the whole accurately drawn from nature by A.

4:08 W.

4:09 H.

4:09 Pine and aquatinted by J.

4:13 Hill to which are added explanations of the plates

4:18 and essays related to their various subjects by C.

4:21 Gray dedicated by permission of That's the title [laughter] of the book.

4:28 They like to do that.

4:29 It's like Let's tell them everything about like like this let's

4:33 do a whole essay and it's a title of the book.

4:36 Anyway.

4:37 Um [snorts] massive book very very important for what

4:41 he set out to do and how it really changed

4:46 the landscape of the landscape the whole arena of doing

4:51 this kind of art kind of revitalized this this personal art.

4:55 Um very his art is very easy to pinpoint like Rowlandson's

5:01 art you see it and you say that's a Pine right?

5:04 Um and um really good stuff.

5:08 So we're going to jump in and take a look at some of these.

5:10 Did Do you need anything before I jump in?

5:12 No, I'm good.

5:13 Thank you.

5:14 Very good.

5:15 So here we go.

5:15 We're going to look at some of these slides

5:17 and they're not the most massively great they're

5:23 they're taken out of a particular book that doesn't

5:25 give us the best images possible of this.

5:28 I had better images but they were black and white we

5:31 thought we'd really kind of go with the color ones here.

5:34 So here we go.

5:35 Um he does a lot with soldiers.

5:39 And somebody's taking away my my thing.

5:43 He does a lot with soldiers and so we see the the whole and we're

5:48 going to see more of this whole wagon train of what's going on here.

5:53 Notice how big the wagon is you need a ladder to get up into it.

5:57 The horses there they don't look like giant you know massive draft horses.

6:02 All the the accoutrement that's lying around here but the soldiers

6:07 notice they're still in there you know their full uniform.

6:11 We've got the the women that are going along with the the soldiers

6:17 which is happening in all through our 18th century context.

6:21 Again this is 1800 or 1804 so you know take

6:25 that in mind with a little bit of changes in the outfits

6:29 but they're still pretty close to sticking with standard um the the similar

6:36 looking outfits than they would in the Revolutionary War time period.

6:41 We've got um chests and I mean it just looks

6:45 like a bunch of junk is what it looks like.

6:48 [laughter] There's no you know today the military everything's got

6:50 a box and it fits in a thing and you

6:52 know that fits in another thing and everything's modular

6:56 and set up so that it's all perfectly easy to move.

7:00 It was never like that in the 18th century.

7:02 It's just kind of ad hoc throw this stuff around and let's get going.

7:06 We [snorts] see the soldiers with their backpacks

7:08 with their shoulder belts their everything.

7:12 Um Interestingly enough I mean they this is probably like home

7:17 duty and they don't need all this stuff but they probably

7:21 need to be wearing it because it's you know that's part

7:24 of your uniform and you're supposed to be wearing your uniform.

7:29 [sighs] That was a lot.

7:29 Okay.

7:30 We're only on the on the first [laughter] image.

7:32 Um here is our our wagon train and we can

7:36 see how you know moving from one place to the other

7:40 is a bit of a uh just I mean

7:45 these they are marching with their arms they're going along.

7:50 It seems a little bit more orderly but it's not completely orderly.

7:54 It is just you know people uh getting from one place to another.

8:01 Hopefully they won't get bogged down in the mud while they're on their way.

8:04 That's right.

8:05 Um and that is a big problem.

8:07 You don't move your armies around especially with wagons uh

8:12 when it's not the right time of year to do that.

8:15 Uh but here we go.

8:18 Again of course you notice they're all red coats.

8:20 They are British Army yes.

8:23 Um but of course Pine is in Great Britain.

8:28 Um again one of those kind of images we do not see very often.

8:32 We have the soldiers getting their hair taken care care of and getting shaved.

8:39 So a regiment is going to have barbers and people

8:44 that are specifically it's their job to do this sort of thing.

8:49 Now they may have other duties.

8:51 They may still carry a a a weapon when the the time

8:56 is the time but um they're also assigned duty to these things.

9:01 This we see you know the the the the barber over here

9:06 and we also see he's got a female helper here doing doing the job.

9:12 Um the taking care of your making sure they're shaved and they had very specific

9:21 hair I mean you can imagine the especially now when we get into this 1800

9:28 time period they're probably wearing a lot

9:31 more of their own hair and the hairstyles

9:33 have gotten a you know may have gotten a little simpler to deal with.

9:37 Uh 30 years earlier Revolutionary War time period

9:40 these soldiers may have may have had wigs.

9:42 They may have had to care for their wigs.

9:44 Can you imagine While you're on the road you're like okay.

9:47 Okay I need you to march 5 miles at night.

9:50 Oh yeah and your wig better look right.

9:52 Okay.

9:53 So very interesting image that we get to see here.

9:59 Um the dragoons who are taking, you know,

10:02 have horses as part of their accoutrements,

10:06 they not only it's like, oh, they've got it easy.

10:11 They can ride their horses.

10:12 Oh, no.

10:14 You know, wherever they're going,

10:16 they have to make sure that all the equipment is taken

10:19 care of and the horses are taken care of and, you know,

10:22 it so it kind of actually doubles the amount of work.

10:25 So, yeah, they get to ride a horse from one place to the other,

10:27 but oh, no, they have to do all the work.

10:31 And if you've ever had to deal with horses and take care

10:34 of horses and feed horses and clean the tack when you're done.

10:39 And like it's a it's a lot of work put on top

10:42 of you making sure your hair looks good and your boots are polished, right?

10:46 and a lot of times the dragoons did have fancy outfits, too.

10:50 So, [laughter]

10:53 But they may have had specific helpers that were assigned to to them.

10:57 But like this, you know, this um under, you know,

11:00 the note on here cuz that's what the words are.

11:02 They're the notes that were added on.

11:04 It specifically said that it is the dragoons who are doing this.

11:07 There we go.

11:07 So, uh cleaning boots and harness.

11:12 Not sure whether whether he's just using the pump as a holder.

11:17 I think he might just be doing that.

11:19 Cuz I don't think he'd want to dump a whole bunch of water on your stuff.

11:23 Good for you.

11:24 Uh more than likely there's a little pan there you can see on that bench.

11:27 There's a little pan that it probably has heated up.

11:30 Yeah, good oil, yeah.

11:31 oil and things like that so that so that you can treat it properly and not just,

11:36 you know, cuz uh if your if your leather

11:40 equipment goes south on you, you're in trouble.

11:44 Yes, you are.

11:46 Uh here we have soldiers dressing and uh this is a complicated outfit.

11:53 Special socks, special pants, special shirt, the waistcoat, the coat.

11:59 You can see the the one person here working hard on his coat,

12:02 making sure that it looks good.

12:04 It's cleaned.

12:05 It's probably, you know,

12:06 there's they have little repair kits so that they can sew things back up.

12:12 Like most of the soldiers in the time period.

12:14 You can even see his trunk there that has Now,

12:18 I mean, the guy's thrown his jacket on the ground.

12:21 But he, you know, I'm sure there was a variation

12:24 in how and span the soldiers looked when they were all dressed.

12:27 Right.

12:27 I like this idea though of the kind of the dummy here so that you can

12:31 clean your coat on something and and work

12:33 on it cuz you really need something like that.

12:35 to pack the dummy and bring it with you when you're moving.

12:37 Yeah, well, I mean, you saw the wagons.

12:40 Right, it's worth it.

12:41 I'm sure.

12:42 they have furniture to come like the benches.

12:44 They're taking benches, they're taking the trunks along.

12:47 Mhm.

12:47 Um Here you go.

12:51 More of the camp barbers here and someone washing their hair.

12:55 Um We can see a jacket's kind of thrown on the ground on one side.

12:59 They have different Uh I'm thinking the little the little thing

13:04 on the bench over there is is a is a water heater.

13:09 Right.

13:09 I I love that I I that he's telling us that the water's nice and hot.

13:13 Right.

13:13 Steam there so, you know, you can do the job properly.

13:16 Mhm.

13:16 Uh they're down they you know, their one coat is kind of on the ground.

13:20 They are in their their their whites.

13:23 Uh basically uh breeches, the shirt,

13:26 and the waistcoat are all white linen or white wool.

13:29 And um they're they're down to those uh getting the job done.

13:34 Um notice that on the one soldier who's

13:38 getting shaved and he's he's sideways to us.

13:42 Um kind of profile.

13:44 Notice what he's got on his feet.

13:46 Oh, are they little like He's got mules on.

13:50 That's true, right?

13:50 Cuz they don't have the heels.

13:52 Right.

13:52 He's wearing mules instead of regular shoes.

13:55 he's he's dressed down?

13:56 He's like he's in his comfy stuff.

13:57 in his slippers, basically.

13:59 Uh-huh.

13:59 Maybe it's morning, right?

14:00 And he's not quite ready.

14:03 Now, sometimes mules were just down-at-heel shoes.

14:06 Um but that So, here we got the those guys are all doing their their work.

14:14 Um And also, I of course, they have their coats off,

14:18 I'm sure, because you would not want them to get dirty.

14:21 You know, you wouldn't And and even though

14:22 they have the cloths on them to protect them.

14:24 No, you don't want any soap fluff getting on your your lovely red coat.

14:28 Yeah, but then he's thrown his coat down on the ground,

14:31 so I don't Well, there is that, too.

14:35 [laughter] I'm sure if his sergeant was around What are you doing?

14:39 And I think I can't remember what live stream,

14:42 how many how long ago we we talked about how much the outfits cost.

14:47 Mhm.

14:48 Uh they're Oh, wasn't it a a main video?

14:51 Maybe it was.

14:52 Yeah, yeah, yeah.

14:52 It was probably uh the late fall ones we did.

14:55 Barefoot in the cold?

14:57 Yes.

14:57 Yes.

14:58 And the the the uniform coats were just and they're expensive today,

15:04 but in the time period, really expensive.

15:08 Um so, imagine it imagine you've, you know, today a $5,000 coat, you know,

15:13 [clears throat] it's like, okay, you know, just throw that on the ground.

15:18 Unless you really have to.

15:19 Uh we see some camp uh cooking going on here.

15:23 Um they do have some equipment, a large kettle.

15:28 Uh it's hard to say whether the the um the little outfit there,

15:34 the little fire set they've used to to hold up the kettle is just

15:38 random sticks they found at the location

15:41 or um something they brought along with them.

15:44 It's probably just as likely it's just a set of sticks.

15:48 If we look at things like, you know,

15:50 the ad hoc tents they put together and whatnot,

15:54 it seems pretty normal that they would just randomly as like,

15:57 oh, go cut some branches and we'll just make this.

16:01 Um I thought it was strange that the guy over here on the right,

16:04 he didn't even bother to take his drum off.

16:06 He's he's obviously resting cuz he's got his pipe out and everything, but

16:11 I mean, obviously that uh the artist may

16:13 be taking liberties here with putting together I mean,

16:17 an artist will go and do sketches of individuals in particular kinds of settings

16:22 and this person may have been stopping for a moment and then marching again,

16:27 so he would leave his drum on.

16:29 Uh but in this case,

16:30 if it was a little damp and he didn't want to put it on the ground.

16:33 He didn't want to get it dirty.

16:35 Yeah, the the uh humidity really wreaks

16:38 havoc with those uh natural drums like that.

16:42 Notice the big can, the big uh what a can they would call in the time period.

16:46 It was like almost a pitcher-sized mug there that's sitting beside him.

16:51 Um and a nice long-stemmed pipe.

16:55 And of course, we have in this setting we have camp followers in our scene here,

16:59 one of them doing the cooking.

17:02 Now, I this was uh hilarious.

17:06 So, um uh people, you know,

17:10 like us uh here in as as vendors for historical goods, we're called sutlers.

17:19 Um Sutlers in the time period, while they might be selling things like we sell,

17:26 more sutlers were just basically selling food and drink.

17:31 Um that's where the majority of of that kind of spare money,

17:35 haha, like soldiers would never have any, kind of goes.

17:39 And here is a typical sutler's booth.

17:43 Uh they threw some fabric on a tree.

17:46 Uh I don't even doesn't even [laughter] look like it's covering anything.

17:49 We've got a table with a pitcher and some mugs.

17:53 And we got the most important part,

17:55 a giant barrel of probably beer in this case.

18:01 Probably.

18:02 Um along with a little bit of table.

18:05 But all the sutler really needs is drinking ware

18:09 and a couple of tables and um the the main product.

18:16 And they're in business.

18:18 Notice even that one of the camp followers is drinking in this situation.

18:22 So, very very interesting image.

18:28 We have laundresses um and their their equipment,

18:33 the soldiers' equipment, needed to be kept in good condition,

18:37 needed to be kept clean, um needed to be repaired,

18:40 and laundresses were an important part of the army.

18:45 Who's going to Who's going to clean all these clothes?

18:47 The soldiers might have to do it in some circumstances,

18:50 but we have plenty of documentation for laundresses both in the Revolutionary

18:56 War time period on the British side and on the American side.

18:59 Some fascinating research that's been done about laundresses in the time period.

19:05 Um very few things going on here.

19:08 Uh we've got, you know,

19:09 a couple of tubs of water and we've got a small clothesline and that's it.

19:16 Very arduous, difficult to do work.

19:19 Um and only the simplest tools to do it with.

19:26 A soldier and uh one of the camp followers

19:30 carrying a a large pot of apparently a soup.

19:33 They told us.

19:34 They they told We don't have to wonder what they've got there.

19:37 It's soup.

19:38 Yes.

19:39 It's not boiling tar or anything else they're going to pour on people.

19:43 Uh he's got his, again, full kit on here.

19:47 We've got cross belts on.

19:49 We've got, you know, he's not carrying a musket,

19:51 but uh he's got plenty of uh equipment on.

19:55 And And as we've been looking at these images,

19:57 it's very interesting to see what the females are wearing in here.

20:01 Mhm.

20:02 Um and trying to interpret exactly what they are.

20:05 And they they are fascinating to see just how Now,

20:10 he specifically the artist specifically was talking

20:13 about how rustic uh he was portraying people.

20:17 Mhm.

20:17 And sometimes kind of making fun of it, but maybe not.

20:20 Um you know, in some sense uh I think he

20:25 he wanted to make fun of it to a certain people,

20:28 but the reality is is that he represents

20:30 them as the hardworking people that they are.

20:33 Right.

20:33 Now, uh this this artist I believe I haven't seen the book,

20:37 but I think he also did a like 60 costumes of of England that has,

20:43 you know, different people in different regions with their specific,

20:46 you know, variations that were kind of more unique to their area.

20:50 So, and like I'm feel like I had better rustle that up.

20:53 That sounds super And a specific set of plates

20:55 on occupations and and what they look like.

20:58 So, we've got that book too someplace.

21:01 Uh So, here we go.

21:06 Uh camp cook shop with soldiers at dinner.

21:10 And we see the camp in the far background.

21:15 Every one of their trees looks like this.

21:17 Yes.

21:18 I'm not sure like very stunted Whatever portal guys.

21:22 Almost like uh bonsai trees in the large, you know, kind of very Anyway.

21:27 Um we've got this A Is it a giant loaf of bread?

21:34 Is it a giant pie?

21:37 Very interesting question about what's on the table.

21:41 Uh See, I I wondered To me it looked like a giant pie.

21:45 Uh maybe cuz I like pie.

21:46 Yeah, it could very well be,

21:48 but they also had giant loaves of bread like that also.

21:51 So, it's food regardless.

21:54 Um and again, there's that sort of tent out of nothing.

21:58 Do you just I just have a giant pile of cloth and quick whip up a tent?

22:05 A couple of tables, some dishes.

22:08 Shop is done.

22:10 Now, uh regardless of whether it's pie or bread, someone had to bake that.

22:15 You had to have an oven big enough to bake is what I was wondering.

22:19 I'm wondering where were they baking that?

22:21 Did they build an earth and oven?

22:22 Maybe.

22:23 No, it's baked in the local town and brought here.

22:29 Undoubtedly.

22:28 Because there's no other way to do it.

22:33 Women drying clothes.

22:34 We've got So, they were laundresses before.

22:36 Here we are drying things up on the line.

22:39 Um they might have had to do special things to bleach the outfits.

22:44 Uh again, it's interesting that they've got these kind of over top

22:53 white jackets that we see this all I I I love them.

22:57 I think they look great.

22:58 Right.

22:59 Cuz I've noticed a lot of their under things are you know,

23:03 under petticoats or whatever or even underneath like

23:06 they may have two layers on the upper half.

23:08 And those things are checked or color whatever.

23:11 And but we've got these over the top sort

23:14 of like giant I It's almost like surgical coats for them,

23:18 you know, it's like a kind of

23:19 Yeah, like To me they they certainly looked almost like

23:22 a uniform bed jacket that like everyone kind They're like,

23:25 "This is my working bed jacket." Um and and you

23:29 kind of felt like they did this when they were

23:30 doing heavy labor and then they probably switched over to something

23:33 fancier when they went Folding clothes and possibly even Now,

23:42 folding clothes cloths, I mean, look at how big that is.

23:46 say clothes.

23:46 I they certainly look like they were sheets to me.

23:49 Um And And you were wondering whether they

23:51 had laid them out for greening or what.

23:53 don't have sheets.

23:55 Well, I know.

23:56 I I mean, and you're like, "Are these the tent pieces?" No, I don't think so.

24:00 I'm not quite

24:01 blankets.

24:01 Maybe.

24:02 Maybe.

24:03 And we're just reading them as sheets.

24:06 Um And or and or they I mean,

24:11 in some situations people might say they were they were bleaching this fabric.

24:15 That's fabric that's waiting to be bleached or has been bleached.

24:19 Um but it doesn't kind of fit well fit with this, you know,

24:24 oh, they're camp followers.

24:25 So, I don't know.

24:27 But maybe this isn't Maybe we're out of military.

24:29 Are we out of military?

24:31 be.

24:31 I we may be out of military now.

24:33 These were It was right after it.

24:35 So, um we could be into civilian washing at this point.

24:39 Yeah.

24:39 There we go.

24:41 Uh so, we have a more of a civilian

24:42 setting of of washing clothes here, obviously.

24:46 Uh we still see the kind of white over over jackets or bed jackets.

24:50 Um and more of this the baskets, the buckets, the, you know,

24:58 the pitchers with the with the bleaching agents and um the little bit of I mean,

25:06 most of the work is just done by hand right there in the tub.

25:10 Uh backbreaking.

25:12 There is a beetle here Mhm.

25:14 Yep.

25:15 a paddle to beat the the uh the cloth here

25:18 down at the in the very foreground at the very bottom.

25:21 Uh even the people on the side here are doing some cloth washing here.

25:26 They may They kind of look like kids playing, but but they're not.

25:29 They're working.

25:30 Get cracking, kids.

25:34 Yes, we moved into the brick section.

25:38 So, um we had a question.

25:40 Yes.

25:40 Do you want to pop out for just a sec?

25:42 Yeah, we'll pop out.

25:44 Okay.

25:44 So, this is a super chat from last week that I forgot.

25:47 So, we're doing it here at this section cuz it's about bricks.

25:50 Okay.

25:50 So, this is from Solaris and it's on regarding the brick.

25:55 Um in So, it's the biblical still

25:59 of brick compared to colonial brick and today's brick.

26:04 I assume there's many differences in the way that they produced the brick.

26:07 So, from, you know, the biblical time period during

26:10 it in Egypt to the colonial time period to now,

26:13 do you know of some some differences they would have?

26:15 Yeah, so the the bricks that they were talking about say in Exodus.

26:19 When they say biblical, I mean, obviously it's a that's a big time frame.

26:22 It's not just like two years, right?

26:24 But the classic, you know, you can't make bricks without straw.

26:28 Those bricks are mud bricks.

26:30 And they were just put together with soil and straw and, you know,

26:34 clay and sand and and whatnot.

26:37 And sun-dried.

26:39 And that's it.

26:40 Mhm.

26:40 They didn't fire those bricks because of the drier

26:45 um uh environment that they were in.

26:48 They didn't need to to fire those bricks.

26:51 They would just use like a mud mortar, stick them together,

26:53 and build with it as long as you had

26:55 a roof on it to keep most of the moisture away.

26:58 And when it was raining directly, you were fine.

27:01 And but the bricks that we we've done, the bricks that we just saw here,

27:06 um and the bricks of today, of course, are fired.

27:11 So, bricks of the 18th century were formed by hand in brick molds.

27:15 So, you can watch that video.

27:17 And so sort of like half and half, right?

27:21 You're hand doing it.

27:22 You're putting you know, you're mixing up clay generally with with a tempering

27:29 thing like grog or certain kinds of gravel or sand.

27:32 You have to be really careful about what you're using.

27:34 Uh to mix it up and then you fire those at say 2,000° Fahrenheit.

27:41 Um and then you get you get hardened bricks.

27:44 Now, these bricks are fairly weather impervious.

27:48 Um Uh mostly.

27:50 I mean, depends on how hard you you fire those bricks.

27:55 But they're a lot more stable.

27:58 And bricks of today, of course, They're all squished out by machines.

28:04 Um and sometimes they don't even get the clay really wet.

28:09 They just compress it really really hard like they do with clay tiles.

28:13 It's more of a just get those clay particles really close together.

28:17 If you don't ever get the clay really wet,

28:19 then you don't have to worry about it drying.

28:21 Then you can uh fire those and they generally fire bricks at a very

28:26 at a higher temperature today and they're they tend to be pretty vitreous,

28:30 very glass like, a lot harder.

28:33 Uh so, the you know, there's definitely a kind of a quality difference.

28:38 But I'm sure people in the 18th century would

28:40 have looked at the bricks of today and said,

28:43 "These are, you know,

28:45 magic from the future." Because that we do make pretty amazing bricks today.

28:52 Okay.

28:53 Um I'm going to do my other super chat while we're here,

28:55 and this one is from Mandatory Carry.

28:59 Thank you.

29:00 We'll see you soon in the rerun.

29:01 Yes.

29:03 Very good.

29:05 Now, did I run through most of them?

29:07 Did I run through all of them?

29:09 The pictures?

29:10 Yeah.

29:10 No.

29:10 Okay, good.

29:11 Don't worry.

29:12 Okay, so here we are.

29:13 I thought you said you put the bricks at the end.

29:14 I I actually I'm sorry.

29:16 I moved them up to kind of after the first kind of section so

29:20 that so that I wouldn't get too so it wouldn't be too far in it.

29:23 You're at 14 40, Dad.

29:25 Uh-huh.

29:26 I'm at 14 40.

29:28 What does that mean?

29:29 14 of 40 pictures.

29:30 Oh, 14 of 40.

29:32 [laughter] Uh You know, somehow I did it.

29:34 I did it again, guys.

29:36 Is Is your paper downstairs?

29:37 Should we send I It's not It's Patreon time.

29:39 And no, don't worry.

29:41 I'm I'll just get them next week.

29:43 Yes.

29:43 We can do them next week.

29:44 week I try try get to the brand new Patreon and returning YouTube

29:47 members and the papers down I when I transcribed it with my ink pen [laughter]

29:54 I left it um downstairs.

29:58 We're back in the slides and here are the bricks.

30:02 Uh we've looked at this a long time ago.

30:05 Um and I do not ask me what is going on with the pump and the sluice.

30:12 Well, I from the description it seems to be that it's like that it's not part

30:18 of what they're doing loading the kiln

30:19 but that he is filling a clay pit with water.

30:22 Which is something I was wondering about last week was did they have

30:25 pits and apparently they did to keep the clay at the right consistency.

30:28 Exactly.

30:29 So you've got a clay pit somewhere but they're

30:32 they're stacking up dried or already fired bricks.

30:36 Oh I think that I think it says that they're unloading the kiln.

30:40 So the kiln or the pile of bricks has been fired and they're carrying yeah.

30:44 Yeah they're starting to take it apart and take them to where

30:46 Exactly.

30:47 So we kind of have the beginning putting water in a clay

30:49 pit and the very end with missing all the stuff in the middle.

30:55 There okay there were other there were other pictures just like with the washing

30:59 where we see like there were probably 10 more pictures of washing.

31:03 Exactly.

31:03 So I just kind of grabbed a little bits of of these.

31:05 We didn't figure you wanted to see 400 pictures of [laughter]

31:12 Um here are farmers you can tell by their their classic

31:14 look at those just like super long shirts.

31:18 Smocks So smocks right and the the farmer's smock

31:21 that kind of just covers everything protects your clothing.

31:25 We have other people standing around wanting to uh buy some potatoes.

31:31 Uh people carrying them off in baskets and other folks just I'll bring that.

31:39 Okay.

31:40 Other folks just hanging out.

31:42 Um looks like one guy's just reading his paper.

31:46 Again you know are we uh is we could look at that and say the artist

31:53 is kind of making fun of what's going

31:55 on here but I I don't know not necessarily.

31:58 Um This is the kind of thing we would

32:01 pay a lot of attention to the individual outfits.

32:04 Uh here's a really good question.

32:05 So there's a person with his back to us.

32:11 And yet it looks like his shirt is on the front way in the back.

32:19 Yeah that's true.

32:22 Is that weird or what?

32:23 you think that was for like they had it doubled

32:25 for comfort and give them even more ease of movement?

32:28 I have no idea.

32:32 I've never seen an existing piece that was like that.

32:34 Maybe he just put his shirt on backwards and no one told him.

32:38 I can't imagine but you know I don't

32:42 know what to say about this particular thing.

32:45 It could be that they opened up the shoulders to get more room but generally

32:49 they're very very roomy in the first place so I don't know what to tell you.

32:53 If anybody wants to make a comment about this poor guy's shirt I will let you.

33:02 [laughter] Uh cottager receiving a leg of mutton from the butcher.

33:04 So here's the butcher he's the butcher's

33:06 man has come around and he's delivering stuff.

33:10 Now he's got a horse that he's delivering on but notice

33:15 that the thing in front of him is a barrow.

33:19 Is that what it is?

33:20 I was wondering.

33:22 But a barrow.

33:22 A barrow.

33:23 Right?

33:24 It's meant for one person in the back one person in the front.

33:27 See the two handles stick out?

33:28 That's a barrow.

33:29 Okay great.

33:30 you put a wheel in the front and you

33:31 got the handles in the back it's a wheelbarrow.

33:34 So he's um he's carrying that in a barrow on top of the horse.

33:40 So I don't know.

33:41 I feel like the horse probably doesn't think this is the most comfortable thing.

33:45 It's probably better than pulling a cart so.

33:47 He's a rustic horse you can tell his his tail is pretty beat up.

33:51 Um This person is wearing this kind of white work jacket.

33:57 It looks like he has buckskin [cough]

33:58 breeches on and half gaiters covering his shoes.

34:02 Uh there the the cottager is receiving the leg of mutton

34:06 and the two little kids uh probably snot nosed I'll bet you little kids.

34:12 Uh They're probably excited.

34:13 Like the butcher's coming it's time.

34:16 I feel like any you're like just like when the mailman comes right?

34:21 Yes.

34:21 And the one kid there has a gig.

34:23 Uh-huh that's right.

34:25 They're prepared.

34:26 What you got there?

34:27 I got a gig.

34:29 Uh A bullock's heart being delivered by the butcher.

34:33 Right?

34:33 I loved how specific that the caption was.

34:36 They're like they told us the cut of meat.

34:38 Thank you.

34:41 You know I always wish I had a giant bullock's heart.

34:44 I Mom did some beef stew with cow heart turned out great.

34:50 Just got to cook it the right way.

34:52 Okay here we go.

34:55 We have the knife grinder and he's got

34:58 his own apparatus here a movable apparatus he

35:01 goes around uh the village or villages and he

35:06 calls out do you want your knives ground?

35:09 And you know people come out and and have him ruin their knives.

35:14 It probably depends maybe like one person would be the guinea pig.

35:18 They're like take your bad knife and see what

35:20 he's like what kind of knife sharpener he is.

35:23 Here we go.

35:23 Reversing an old shirt was a standard way of making a smock.

35:27 Very interesting.

35:28 Um This uh the knife grinder was often

35:35 the kind of person not looked well upon by society.

35:40 Uh they were generally gossips.

35:42 They would go around and collect gossip and give out gossip and uh

35:49 This guy doesn't ever had on it says it says it all right there.

35:52 Although he's got sort of a Greek coat thing there going on.

35:55 And and he's got a very complex looking um knife grinder.

36:01 Some of them are a little bit more simple.

36:03 A lot of times you'll see them uh maybe more European than rather than

36:06 British with a wooden shoe that's hung

36:09 up high that's dripping water on the wheel.

36:13 He doesn't he doesn't have There was another picture I didn't include

36:16 that happened later on in the sequence

36:18 and they were sharpening a scythe and it was a much bigger wheel.

36:22 So uh-huh that was interesting.

36:26 Uh chaff cutters.

36:27 Tell tell me about chaff cutters.

36:29 I didn't look this one up.

36:31 I I was puzzled by what exactly they were doing.

36:36 Um so it's it's chopping the hay or the straw into small

36:41 uniform pieces so it's better for the livestock to eat it.

36:44 Really?

36:47 Yeah.

36:46 I mean that's what my my summary said.

36:48 Why would we need to do that?

36:50 Well you're you're you want your cows to be

36:53 happy and Well I guess maybe you know today we

36:56 get some you know straw or hay specifically gets baled

37:00 up in the in the baler kind of you know Yeah it does more than that.

37:03 chops a little bit up there but in this setting

37:08 we've got we had somebody manually chopping it up.

37:10 Even then though even like the round bales they got big

37:13 long they did we just let the animals figure it out.

37:17 Yeah.

37:17 You know?

37:17 So I don't I don't know.

37:19 Hey look I feel like sometimes where you're um

37:23 you know we were talking about how a lot

37:25 of times your labor is cheap and it's actually

37:28 the the supplies that are the expensive part for for them

37:32 and for us it's kind of the reverse in a lot of ways and so if your feed is

37:37 more limited you're like you're going to maximize and spend

37:39 your time to make it more efficient for the animal.

37:42 Yeah make it work the best for them so.

37:46 Um I did I do I remember now.

37:48 Hold on.

37:50 Uh let me see if I can get this done from here.

37:57 Okay.

37:58 Um I do have the the Patreon names.

38:04 Uh so this is new and renewing members and brand new Patreon.

38:07 So we have Wesley Anderson Candace Dainty Local Ben Burnt Cotto

38:17 Um Nilith Nilipho Nilipher nah I'm probably totally messing that one up.

38:24 Uh watermelon uh Zoo Beast and uh Matthew Reedy uh

38:34 along with brand new Patreon Guama 89 and Patrick Stone.

38:41 So those are the brand new and renewing folks.

38:44 Thank you so much for your very kind support of what we do here.

38:49 So let's jump back in.

38:51 Uh so there are our chaff cutters.

38:54 Uh more chaff cutters.

38:56 Different doing it a slightly different way.

38:58 He's like sawing it.

38:59 I was very He he's putting a lot of effort into this one.

39:04 It seems like a lot of a lot of work to uh to chop up hay for animals.

39:13 [laughter] Maybe it's really really hard hay you

39:15 know it's like that keeps gagging my throat.

39:19 Maybe they wouldn't touch it unless it was

39:20 you know just the right just the right way.

39:23 Maybe uh feeding poultry and um so the the the the cage

39:29 there is is just that it's a chicken cage.

39:33 Now you would have a cage like that it would hold the hen

39:35 in but the chicks could get out and you know they kind of peck around

39:38 and and uh and then go back and hide when they needed to they can

39:44 get between the bars on that but she's you know spreading grain for for them.

39:49 We can again see this outfit where it's just it's

39:51 a white gown over the top of the other parts here.

40:01 And apparently she's using it to hold all that grain

40:05 cuz she's holding up a a corner of it.

40:09 drawing ale so very similar to the settler image.

40:15 We got a big barrel of ale and we've got our pitcher

40:20 and she's going to carry it in and serve whoever needs it.

40:30 Scouring a fish kettle.

40:32 So interesting they call this out particularly as a fish kettle.

40:38 Which is I mean I'd seen some specifically

40:41 for fish and they tended to be long and skinny.

40:44 But this one is just like a giant copper frying pan.

40:48 Um but you know generally you don't need to cook fish a lot.

40:54 So That's true.

40:55 It is a light like they do not take much time

40:58 and and this scouring being very important

41:00 it's going to keep it from being poisonous.

41:02 So the more scouring the better.

41:03 Exactly.

41:05 So you you don't want verdigris the copper corrosion

41:11 to get into the food and do do bad things.

41:14 So there we go.

41:17 Woman plucking a turkey.

41:18 You know there is no more thankless job than plucking a fowl.

41:24 No it's so messy.

41:28 Yeah.

41:29 But here she is she's going to get this this turkey ready for eating.

41:34 If people had to pluck their own chickens and nobody would eat chicken.

41:40 Fries.

41:41 It would just would not happen.

41:44 [laughter] It's Thank goodness they have mechanical ways of doing

41:46 it because doing it by hand is just horrible.

41:52 Maybe I never did it quite right but no matter I just it's like forget it.

41:57 I'll I just won't eat chicken.

42:00 [laughter] Excuse me lace makers.

42:04 So in the 19th century they figured out how to mechanize the idea of lace.

42:09 But [clears throat] in the 18th century lace was an extremely

42:15 expensive thing because to make it you do it by hand.

42:20 You have one of these pillows and you lay the lace on there and you have

42:23 these little pins and little bobbins and everything

42:26 kind of It's I don't It's It's It's like It's like magic.

42:31 knitting.

42:32 Yeah.

42:32 Right?

42:33 Yeah.

42:34 I I I It makes you wonder who came up with the idea and and absolutely see why

42:41 just a small piece of lace would be valued

42:44 and handed down in the family as an heirloom.

42:45 And now we don't think we don't give it a second thought.

42:49 It's just like wow that's lace whatever.

42:52 So uh Here we have an old woman.

42:59 I can't tell what she's old.

43:00 See that the caption said that and you're like well she you can't tell that.

43:04 But they made sure to let us know.

43:06 The old woman spinning.

43:09 I don't know enough about spinning to tell you why this looks the way it does.

43:15 Because it looks like the artist doesn't know how to spin and so he just

43:21 like look there's a wheel and some blah

43:23 blah thing and the people with their hands

43:27 depicted a wheel that we're not familiar with?

43:29 Maybe that's what's going on.

43:30 There's like a whole missing thing here some something.

43:35 Cuz I don't know what's going on.

43:38 Um We have the butcher filling a horn of ale for the shepherd.

43:48 You can probably tell he's a butcher because of the particular

43:52 knife and the way it's held by the side there.

43:57 And sometimes butchers would even have like a wooden butcher you know

44:01 like a block to hold multiple knives that was around their waist.

44:07 But here he's just got that one knife around his waist.

44:11 And the poor shepherd has a crook and is that supposed to be a sheep or a dog?

44:17 I think it's a dog.

44:19 He He's doing his best to blend in on the sheep.

44:22 what that is.

44:23 Anyway there's an animal but he's got a a crook and he has a lantern.

44:29 So apparently he's going to be doing his shepherding

44:32 at night whacking things that attack the sheep

44:36 upside the head and he's got to have he's

44:39 got to have that ale before he sets off.

44:42 I can imagine.

44:43 Although I would think it would make me sleepy and so

44:46 therefore not good for Maybe he's just out from the field.

44:49 He's been Maybe he's coming in maybe maybe.

44:52 That must be it.

44:53 Yeah.

44:55 Taking refreshment at the village alehouse.

45:01 So we've got a new video coming up this this uh Sunday.

45:07 Uh and it's about this new cookbook.

45:11 It's called Colonial Road Foods and and it is available on the website right?

45:17 Yep.

45:18 And Michael spends time here talking a bit about the inns taverns and whatnot

45:26 of the time period and the kind of foods that you would run along into.

45:31 Now interestingly in this particular image though here we

45:36 are village alehouse someplace to stop and what's the food?

45:42 Well I could offer you a giant block of cheese.

45:45 Would you like some cheese?

45:47 And we've got some tobacco and here's your drink.

45:52 But this is an alehouse it isn't necessarily a tavern.

45:55 It isn't necessarily a place that welcomes travelers particularly.

46:00 I'm going to sneeze.

46:02 Um but it is a you know a drinking establishment.

46:06 Maybe it's a bit more like a bar to use today right?

46:09 Yeah.

46:10 Rather than a tavern which is you know more leaning toward a restaurant

46:15 kind of situation so maybe that's [snorts] why cheese is she's going to get.

46:21 [laughter] You're lucky we offered cheese.

46:27 A man selling onions again with the backwards shirt.

46:32 I know apparently this they they're being used they're they're Yeah.

46:37 They're not letting anything go to waste.

46:39 Right.

46:41 Um so in a real beat up kind of hat on this person.

46:46 I know I was a little mystified by that hat.

46:48 I wanted to zoom in I wanted to see the original.

46:51 This is zoomed in as we can get.

46:54 [laughter] It's looking a little worse for the way.

46:57 Exactly.

46:57 It's like a Russian bomber hat.

46:59 Uh-huh yeah.

47:00 Yeah well if we looked back here was notice the hat on this this one fellow.

47:05 Over here he's got too.

47:06 It may have been a Welsh wig.

47:08 Oh.

47:10 Which is basically like a knit hat but with sticky out bits.

47:15 For the ears for the them.

47:17 This looks like it's just a super beat up straw hat.

47:22 Yeah it's had a rough life.

47:25 Yeah.

47:24 Um here we go somebody has plucked our birds for us thank goodness.

47:30 Not sure what those round things are on the table.

47:34 Um don't know.

47:35 But um more than likely she plucked

47:39 those birds and then sold the feathers for somebody.

47:43 Cuz you waste not want not etc.

47:46 etc.

47:47 Not sure what's on the stool over there.

47:49 Maybe it's a head of some animal.

47:53 I don't know what that is.

47:55 Uh baskets with I don't know again they kind

48:00 of look feathery so maybe Maybe those are the feathers.

48:03 Yeah the down maybe for stuffing.

48:07 Uh somebody selling earthenware.

48:10 He doesn't have a hat on.

48:11 Uh earthenware in the time period was fairly inexpensive.

48:16 It was the cheap stuff because it break easily.

48:20 Um so you wouldn't have the high end stuff

48:23 and particularly pointing this out as earthenware for the poorer folks.

48:30 Okay you want to pop out for just a second.

48:33 Okay.

48:33 So we've got five gifted memberships from Max Arcool.

48:37 Thank you.

48:37 Thank you and then 20 gifted memberships from The Dastardly.

48:42 Devon The Dastardly I'm sorry.

48:44 Thank you.

48:44 Devon thank you very much.

48:46 And then here's a question from Curtis.

48:50 Um Curtis Coulthart.

48:55 Hold on.

48:56 I am wondering if I can use craisins or blueberries

48:59 instead of using currents or raisins in the holiday cake.

49:02 Oh perfect.

49:03 Yeah dried dried cranberries dried blueberries.

49:05 Uh perfect kind of um a substitution for those in North

49:11 America where you know you wouldn't have some of these things naturally

49:15 you know raisins might be harder to get and you would

49:18 have this course sort of native fruit that you could substitute in.

49:24 Those are great substitutions which more than likely were common thing.

49:32 Okay.

49:33 I'll cut out.

49:33 We're back in.

49:34 We're back in.

49:34 We I I got to hurry up.

49:37 [laughter] Um, mending chairs and putting seats in chairs.

49:40 You can see he's got a little tool there beside him down on the ground.

49:44 A knife for cutting things probably or there are

49:47 a couple of different tools they would use to, you know,

49:49 force uh the the pieces in their right and and she's carrying straw.

49:54 They Who knows?

49:55 Right, she's got the supplies.

49:56 Right, she's got the supplies.

49:58 A little can there behind him.

49:59 Maybe it's got water, maybe maybe it's for drinking,

50:03 maybe it's probably for the job here.

50:05 Poor guy has got a bald pate and no hat to cover his head.

50:08 See, it was very I thought this was

50:10 interesting because most of the time you can't tell

50:12 someone is bald in the 18th century cuz

50:14 they're wearing a wig or they're wearing a hat.

50:15 But here we are, late enough that people are

50:18 you're starting to see them without their hats on sometimes.

50:21 Exactly.

50:21 Uh rough-looking character here, traveling tinker Mhm.

50:25 um with bellows and all you know,

50:28 so he's basically his tool shop around his waist and he's

50:33 probably going to do a bad job fixing whatever it is,

50:35 but hey, you know, here he is.

50:38 Um, I wouldn't trust him.

50:41 [laughter] No.

50:43 Tinkers had a bad reputation.

50:45 Uh the rat catcher, he's got a dog, he's got rats in a cage.

50:50 I don't know what that thing is in his hand.

50:52 Ferret probably for catching rats.

50:54 I mean, I'm sorry.

50:55 It's [clears throat] not a pet ferret.

50:56 It's his working ferret.

50:57 Yes.

50:58 ferret.

50:59 And notice he's got a badge of his office.

51:02 He has a sash with rats on it.

51:05 Now, they're probably just illustrations of rats on it, but that's how you know.

51:09 When you see somebody wearing their rat sash, you say I wonder what he does.

51:15 [laughter] Oh wait.

51:15 It's a mystery.

51:16 He's a rat catcher.

51:17 That's what he does.

51:19 If only like you know, everybody in their jobs wore a sash.

51:23 Yes, right.

51:24 I don't know what a customer service sash would look like.

51:27 What would your sash look [laughter] like?

51:31 Dad's got a million little symbols on his sash.

51:33 Right, right.

51:34 It look like a scout scout's merit badge [laughter] sash.

51:38 It's like, "What's all that?" It's all the things I have to do around here.

51:43 Um, a cottager looking at beehives.

51:46 Don't get too close.

51:47 Um Actually, they're busy so they Unless you're messing with them,

51:52 they don't mess with you.

51:54 Um I They're people and looking at bees.

52:00 Hey, I was happy to see the beehives.

52:02 Uh you don't see them be depicted that often even though you're like,

52:05 "I'm sure they're there." You know, working away.

52:08 This is a nice section in Diderot's.

52:09 Yes, that's that is true.

52:11 Uh making butter with a barrel churn.

52:13 We've talked about making butter,

52:15 made an episode on making butter and and we mentioned the churns here.

52:20 Uh this is this is the kind of churn that would really churn out the butter,

52:24 if you know what I mean.

52:25 Uh you make a lot of it at a time.

52:28 Um you do have to be really careful keeping them

52:30 clean though and these can be kind of hard to clean.

52:32 Maybe they take them apart somehow.

52:34 I'm not sure.

52:36 Uh you can see all the the other pails and stuff.

52:41 And a different kind of butter churn.

52:42 You can see that he's kind of got like a little snout there

52:45 at the top and the dasher is on the bowl on the bench.

52:50 So, they've got a couple of different kinds of butter churns.

52:53 Several different kinds of bucket designs.

52:56 There's even one that's a wrapped bucket.

52:59 Sort of like made like a bear like like

53:01 a drum instead of a instead of a uh staved bucket.

53:06 Um, so lots of lots of interesting things

53:11 here in this image if you're interested in butter.

53:14 Which who isn't, right?

53:17 Right.

53:16 Good stuff.

53:17 Um, here we go.

53:19 We got somebody washing dairy utensils.

53:21 Like I was mentioning, incredibly important to keep dairy things very,

53:26 very clean and difficult to do.

53:30 Uh taking young pigeons from a pigeon house.

53:35 Yes, squab is a thing in the 18th century.

53:41 I don't know that I've ever seen a pigeon house look quite like

53:44 that, but I I I never really I don't think I'd seen it depicted before.

53:48 So, I was it was very interesting to actually have it there.

53:51 that we know, we maybe if we look around we'll probably find them.

53:55 Yeah.

53:56 It kind of looks like a martin house, but That's true.

53:59 Uh flower stand with gardeners and doing gardening things,

54:05 uh flowers and pots and I feel like this is a May picture, maybe a June picture.

54:12 We're not quite there yet.

54:14 It's very very much that.

54:16 And we're back to the beginning.

54:19 Yay.

54:21 Wow, that was perfectly timed.

54:22 Look at that.

54:23 That that was perfect.

54:25 Amazing.

54:26 Um, do we have What else Do we have anything anything that needs to be done?

54:33 Somebody's asking about cooking DVDs.

54:35 Um I don't know.

54:37 We we kind of gave up after a while because

54:40 we didn't and because it Because we moved into 4K.

54:43 It was when we moved into 4K, we were like, "Is it going to work well in a DVD?"

54:47 hard to So squish back down into Yeah, make them small enough.

54:50 Maybe if a whole bunch of people say,

54:52 "Make a DVD." [laughter] It's all up to you.

54:54 If enough people make it happen, then we'll make it happen.

54:57 That's right.

54:58 Uh but um Is there any That's it?

55:02 Nope, I think we're all good.

55:03 So, I have to get ready and travel to Kalamazoo.

55:07 So, if you're in that Michigan area or who knows, maybe you want to fly in.

55:12 Some people are going to be up there from Washington state, okay?

55:16 [laughter] They have They made the trip.

55:18 definitely stop by the store,

55:19 we said hi to them and they're going to be up there.

55:22 Um, so uh if you if you're interested,

55:25 make sure to check out the Kalamazoo Living History

55:28 Event at the Expo Center on Saturday and Sunday,

55:32 this Saturday and Sunday, the 20th first and 22nd.

55:36 Today is the 20th, right?

55:38 21st and 22nd of March 2026.

55:42 I don't know when they open.

55:43 I think it's 9:00.

55:44 At 9:00 in the morning [laughter] you can come and see lots of people like me

55:50 and Ryan and Michael Dergo and Ethan and all

55:54 kinds of people are going to be there.

55:56 And we're going to have a whole bunch of leather.

56:01 [laughter] So.

56:04 [snorts] Super excited everyone's here.

56:05 Thank you so much for the folks that are super chatters for the members

56:09 and the people gifting members for for folks that are Patreon folks,

56:14 for folks that are interested in wonderful merch,

56:18 these amazing mugs that we sell or all

56:21 the other things that are available on our website,

56:23 things like cookbooks and hats and everything.

56:28 We got all the things that people actually need

56:31 versus the things you find in the stores today.

56:34 Whatever.

56:35 Who needs that stuff?

56:36 Thank you so much for your incredible care and your wonderful

56:40 comments and I hope you have just a tremendous weekend.

56:44 Thank you for watching today.

56:52 [music]