What is a Titration and how is it performed?

0:02 what is the titration a titration is a

0:06 what is the titration a titration is a

0:06 what is the titration a titration is a technique where a solution of known

0:08 technique where a solution of known

0:08 technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the

0:12 concentration is used to determine the

0:12 concentration is used to determine the unknown concentration of a solution

0:17 usually the solution of known

0:19 usually the solution of known

0:19 usually the solution of known concentration or titrant is added from a

0:22 concentration or titrant is added from a

0:22 concentration or titrant is added from a burette to a known quantity of the

0:24 burette to a known quantity of the

0:24 burette to a known quantity of the analyte the unknown solution and so the

0:27 analyte the unknown solution and so the

0:27 analyte the unknown solution and so the reaction is complete which is indicated

0:30 reaction is complete which is indicated

0:30 reaction is complete which is indicated by the endpoint the accuracy of the

0:35 by the endpoint the accuracy of the

0:35 by the endpoint the accuracy of the results of your titration will be a

0:37 results of your titration will be a

0:37 results of your titration will be a reflection of the care you took while

0:40 reflection of the care you took while

0:40 reflection of the care you took while performing it when done carefully

0:42 performing it when done carefully

0:42 performing it when done carefully titrations give very accurate precise

0:46 titrations give very accurate precise

0:46 titrations give very accurate precise results here is a step by step procedure

0:49 results here is a step by step procedure

0:49 results here is a step by step procedure required for performing successful

0:51 required for performing successful

0:51 required for performing successful titrations the burette has now been

0:56 titrations the burette has now been

0:56 titrations the burette has now been cleaned and prepared as shown in the

0:58 cleaned and prepared as shown in the

0:58 cleaned and prepared as shown in the previous videos the meniscus is level

1:02 previous videos the meniscus is level

1:02 previous videos the meniscus is level with any graduation mark on the period

1:04 with any graduation mark on the period

1:04 with any graduation mark on the period between 0 and 2 milliliters the initial

1:09 between 0 and 2 milliliters the initial

1:09 between 0 and 2 milliliters the initial reading will be recorded remembering to

1:12 reading will be recorded remembering to

1:12 reading will be recorded remembering to do it to two decimal places the analyte

1:18 do it to two decimal places the analyte

1:18 do it to two decimal places the analyte solution is pipette it into the conical

1:20 solution is pipette it into the conical

1:20 solution is pipette it into the conical flask and then a few drops of the

1:22 flask and then a few drops of the

1:22 flask and then a few drops of the indicator is added the conical flask is

1:26 indicator is added the conical flask is

1:26 indicator is added the conical flask is then placed under the Burien when

1:31 then placed under the Burien when

1:31 then placed under the Burien when forming the first titration the solution

1:33 forming the first titration the solution

1:33 forming the first titration the solution is delivered at a rapid pace to get a

1:36 is delivered at a rapid pace to get a

1:36 is delivered at a rapid pace to get a rough idea what volume is needed to

1:39 rough idea what volume is needed to

1:39 rough idea what volume is needed to reach the endpoint

1:40 reach the endpoint

1:40 reach the endpoint this is known as a rough saturation and

1:44 this is known as a rough saturation and

1:44 this is known as a rough saturation and it is not included in your final results

1:47 it is not included in your final results

1:47 it is not included in your final results as it is not accurate however you still

1:51 as it is not accurate however you still

1:51 as it is not accurate however you still need to record the final volume reading

1:53 need to record the final volume reading

1:53 need to record the final volume reading from the Buren's the volume of solution

1:56 from the Buren's the volume of solution

1:56 from the Buren's the volume of solution delivered is determined by subtracting

1:59 delivered is determined by subtracting

1:59 delivered is determined by subtracting the final reading with the initial

2:01 the final reading with the initial

2:01 the final reading with the initial reading the pr8 will then be refold

2:05 reading the pr8 will then be refold

2:05 reading the pr8 will then be refold initial readings recorded in the zoo

2:08 initial readings recorded in the zoo

2:08 initial readings recorded in the zoo and the conical flasks prepared in

2:11 and the conical flasks prepared in

2:11 and the conical flasks prepared in preparation for the next saturation the

2:17 preparation for the next saturation the

2:17 preparation for the next saturation the next saturation will be done carefully

2:19 next saturation will be done carefully

2:19 next saturation will be done carefully to ensure that the end points is not

2:22 to ensure that the end points is not

2:22 to ensure that the end points is not missed using the volume recorded during

2:25 missed using the volume recorded during

2:25 missed using the volume recorded during the rough saturation the general

2:28 the rough saturation the general

2:28 the rough saturation the general procedure is to deliver approximately

2:30 procedure is to deliver approximately

2:30 procedure is to deliver approximately 3/4 of the volume of titrant recorded

2:34 3/4 of the volume of titrant recorded

2:34 3/4 of the volume of titrant recorded from the rough titration at a rapid pace

2:36 from the rough titration at a rapid pace

2:36 from the rough titration at a rapid pace and then at the titrant slowly until the

2:39 and then at the titrant slowly until the

2:39 and then at the titrant slowly until the endpoint it is even possible to add a

2:42 endpoint it is even possible to add a

2:42 endpoint it is even possible to add a drop swirl at another drop and so on

2:47 drop swirl at another drop and so on

2:47 drop swirl at another drop and so on until an endpoint is reached when

2:51 until an endpoint is reached when

2:51 until an endpoint is reached when approaching the endpoint volume a good

2:53 approaching the endpoint volume a good

2:53 approaching the endpoint volume a good habit is to wash the sides of the

2:56 habit is to wash the sides of the

2:56 habit is to wash the sides of the conical flask with distilled water from

2:58 conical flask with distilled water from

2:58 conical flask with distilled water from a wash bottle as when swirling the side

3:02 a wash bottle as when swirling the side

3:02 a wash bottle as when swirling the side of the conical flask will touch the tip

3:05 of the conical flask will touch the tip

3:05 of the conical flask will touch the tip and some of the titrant will stick to

3:08 and some of the titrant will stick to

3:08 and some of the titrant will stick to the walls of the flask

3:09 the walls of the flask

3:09 the walls of the flask if there is a droplet hanging on the tip

3:12 if there is a droplet hanging on the tip

3:12 if there is a droplet hanging on the tip of the burette wash the droplets into

3:14 of the burette wash the droplets into

3:14 of the burette wash the droplets into the flask using a wash bottle especially

3:17 the flask using a wash bottle especially

3:17 the flask using a wash bottle especially when approaching the endpoint washing

3:20 when approaching the endpoint washing

3:20 when approaching the endpoint washing off the titrant will result in a more

3:22 off the titrant will result in a more

3:22 off the titrant will result in a more accurate and precise result once the

3:26 accurate and precise result once the

3:26 accurate and precise result once the endpoint is reached the final reading is

3:29 endpoint is reached the final reading is

3:29 endpoint is reached the final reading is taken and the total volume of titrant

3:31 taken and the total volume of titrant

3:31 taken and the total volume of titrant delivered is determined by subjecting

3:34 delivered is determined by subjecting

3:34 delivered is determined by subjecting the final reading from the initial

3:36 the final reading from the initial

3:36 the final reading from the initial reading titrations are generally done in

3:40 reading titrations are generally done in

3:40 reading titrations are generally done in triplicate so you will need to perform

3:42 triplicate so you will need to perform

3:42 triplicate so you will need to perform two more titrations

3:47 to get precise results your volume of

3:50 to get precise results your volume of

3:50 to get precise results your volume of titrant delivered for the three non

3:52 titrant delivered for the three non

3:52 titrant delivered for the three non rough saturations should be zero point

3:55 rough saturations should be zero point

3:55 rough saturations should be zero point one milliliter difference between each

3:58 one milliliter difference between each

3:58 one milliliter difference between each titrant volume delivered if this is not

4:03 titrant volume delivered if this is not

4:03 titrant volume delivered if this is not the case

4:03 the case

4:03 the case additional titrations will be performed

4:07 additional titrations will be performed

4:07 additional titrations will be performed to get precise results to better observe

4:15 to get precise results to better observe

4:15 to get precise results to better observe the color change of the indicator a

4:17 the color change of the indicator a

4:17 the color change of the indicator a plain white piece of paper is placed

4:20 plain white piece of paper is placed

4:20 plain white piece of paper is placed under four conical flasks for

4:23 under four conical flasks for

4:23 under four conical flasks for right-handed individuals the burette cap

4:26 right-handed individuals the burette cap

4:26 right-handed individuals the burette cap will be handled using your left hand

4:28 will be handled using your left hand

4:28 will be handled using your left hand while the flask is swelled with the

4:31 while the flask is swelled with the

4:31 while the flask is swelled with the right hand

4:32 right hand

4:32 right hand however for left-handed individuals the

4:36 however for left-handed individuals the

4:36 however for left-handed individuals the burette cap is handled with the right

4:38 burette cap is handled with the right

4:38 burette cap is handled with the right hand the flask swirled using the left

4:41 hand the flask swirled using the left

4:41 hand the flask swirled using the left hand in this case the left-handed

4:45 hand in this case the left-handed

4:45 hand in this case the left-handed individuals will have to reverse the

4:48 individuals will have to reverse the

4:48 individuals will have to reverse the period to accommodate their titration

4:52 period to accommodate their titration

4:52 period to accommodate their titration here is the summarized procedure

4:55 here is the summarized procedure

4:55 here is the summarized procedure required for successful titration

4:57 required for successful titration

4:57 required for successful titration step 1 if the sample is a solid it is

5:01 step 1 if the sample is a solid it is

5:01 step 1 if the sample is a solid it is weighed and then dissolved to make up a

5:05 weighed and then dissolved to make up a

5:05 weighed and then dissolved to make up a known volume of solution in a volumetric

5:07 known volume of solution in a volumetric

5:07 known volume of solution in a volumetric flask step 2 a pipette is used to

5:11 flask step 2 a pipette is used to

5:11 flask step 2 a pipette is used to measure accurately a volume of the

5:13 measure accurately a volume of the

5:13 measure accurately a volume of the solution for example 10.00 milliliters

5:18 solution for example 10.00 milliliters

5:18 solution for example 10.00 milliliters this is emptied into a conical flask

5:21 this is emptied into a conical flask

5:21 this is emptied into a conical flask step 3 a few drops of an indicator may

5:25 step 3 a few drops of an indicator may

5:25 step 3 a few drops of an indicator may be added to the conical flask this will

5:28 be added to the conical flask this will

5:28 be added to the conical flask this will show a change of color once we have

5:30 show a change of color once we have

5:30 show a change of color once we have reached the end points or in the

5:31 reached the end points or in the

5:31 reached the end points or in the titration is complete the following

5:34 titration is complete the following

5:34 titration is complete the following indicators will be used in your

5:36 indicators will be used in your

5:36 indicators will be used in your practicals step 4 a second solution is

5:41 practicals step 4 a second solution is

5:41 practicals step 4 a second solution is placed in a be rate this is the titrant

5:44 placed in a be rate this is the titrant

5:44 placed in a be rate this is the titrant this solution contains a chemical that

5:46 this solution contains a chemical that

5:46 this solution contains a chemical that will react with the analytes chemical

5:49 will react with the analytes chemical

5:49 will react with the analytes chemical sample in the conical flask step 5 the

5:52 sample in the conical flask step 5 the

5:52 sample in the conical flask step 5 the solution from the burette is run into

5:55 solution from the burette is run into

5:55 solution from the burette is run into the conical flask the solution is added

5:57 the conical flask the solution is added

5:57 the conical flask the solution is added one drop at a time and swirl to mix the

6:00 one drop at a time and swirl to mix the

6:00 one drop at a time and swirl to mix the illusions as the endpoint is approached

6:04 illusions as the endpoint is approached

6:04 illusions as the endpoint is approached eventually a color change shows the

6:07 eventually a color change shows the

6:07 eventually a color change shows the correct amount that has been added to

6:09 correct amount that has been added to

6:09 correct amount that has been added to react completely with the analytes

6:11 react completely with the analytes

6:11 react completely with the analytes chemical in the sample step 6

6:14 chemical in the sample step 6

6:14 chemical in the sample step 6 the volume of solution added from the

6:17 the volume of solution added from the

6:17 the volume of solution added from the burette is noted the titration results

6:20 burette is noted the titration results

6:20 burette is noted the titration results can then be used to calculate

6:21 can then be used to calculate

6:21 can then be used to calculate concentration using the following steps

6:25 concentration using the following steps

6:25 concentration using the following steps ensures that your titration experiments

6:27 ensures that your titration experiments

6:27 ensures that your titration experiments are carried out using the correct

6:29 are carried out using the correct

6:29 are carried out using the correct techniques that enable you to get

6:31 techniques that enable you to get

6:31 techniques that enable you to get precise and accurate results