Cybersecurity Expert Answers Hacking Questions | Tech Support | WIRED

0:00 Just because someone's described as a script kitty doesn't

0:03 mean they're not capable of doing a lot of damage.

0:05 Hi, I'm Allison Nixon, chief research officer at Unit 221B.

0:09 We specialize in tracking cyber criminals.

0:11 I'm here today to answer your questions from the internet.

0:13 This is cyber security support.

0:20 First up, this question is from Piro Pyro.

0:23 The internet isn't just crowded with bots,

0:26 it's being silently taken over by them.

0:28 Think zombie apocalypse but digital.

0:31 H.

0:33 This question is suspicious.

0:34 I see an M dash and I see an emoji at the end of this message.

0:39 I think this is a bot.

0:41 So, so I'm going to take this bots's question at face value

0:43 and I'm just going to answer it in comment sections all across the internet.

0:48 There are a lot of bots that are posting nowadays.

0:51 These bots may be tasked with advertising

0:54 a product and spamming the comment section by saying,

0:57 "Hey, this product is so great.

0:58 I use it all the time and you can

1:00 buy it here." But there's also political bots as well.

1:03 And sometimes these are operated by nation

1:06 states who may be trying to manipulate

1:09 the population in another country into voting

1:12 a certain way or doing a certain thing.

1:15 They may be trying to stoke conflict.

1:18 And so as you're reading comments on the internet,

1:21 keep in mind there may be larger geopolitical

1:24 situations where they're treating you as a pawn.

1:27 Nobody has the problem under control.

1:29 It's a difficult issue to navigate.

1:31 When you're reading the comment section,

1:33 I would suggest that you find a different

1:36 source of information to base your opinions on, like

1:39 court documents or reports that happened right after

1:43 an incident happened rather than later on down the line.

1:47 It's really better for you to learn the facts and then form your own opinions.

1:51 This question comes from Slimboy Sam.

1:53 Scammers are using my voice with AI.

1:56 What do I do?

1:56 So, this question is describing a scam where

1:59 a elder family member may receive a phone call where

2:04 your voice may be manipulated with AI and the scammer

2:07 may be telling your grandparents or family member,

2:10 hey, I'm in a serious situation.

2:12 I need money right now.

2:13 I'm injured.

2:14 I'm hurt.

2:15 This is a big emergency.

2:16 So this is a very difficult situation because oftentimes these scams will try

2:20 to prevent the victim from contacting the family

2:23 member to actually verify that this happened.

2:26 And when you're in that situation, it's very difficult to deal with.

2:29 But one thing that you can do is before this scam hits you,

2:35 you can talk about these scams with your family members.

2:38 Say, "Hey, there's a new scam going around.

2:40 Here's how it works.

2:41 If you get this, let me know." And this can be a good topic of conversation

2:46 to bond with your family members over as well and also keep each other safe.

2:50 So as you talk to your family members about this scam,

2:52 one thing that they can do is try to verify

2:56 that the person on the line is actually you.

2:58 Ask a question that only you would know.

3:02 So think very old past shared experience.

3:06 What's your favorite food?

3:08 What was the first dog's name?

3:10 Uh, another thing that your family member can do is just

3:14 hang up the phone and call you back on your number.

3:17 That may be very difficult to do in the moment,

3:19 but if you can discuss what your protocol is going to be before this happens,

3:25 then if this scam does hit your family member,

3:28 they're going to be more prepared uh, and they won't hand over the money.

3:32 So, this question is from the privacy subreddit.

3:34 Can someone gain access to your phone

3:36 activity without coming in contact with it?

3:39 When someone gains access to your phone activity,

3:41 most of the time it will not involve

3:44 them coming into contact with your phone at all.

3:46 Usually the way people steal your information um is

3:50 when your information is stored on someone else's machine.

3:53 One place where your phone activity is stored is at your phone company.

3:57 So when you make a phone call or you send or receive a text message,

4:00 there's going to be a record.

4:01 And if your phone company gets hacked and those records get stolen,

4:04 that's one way that bad actors can figure out what you're doing on your phone.

4:08 Also, you may have personal data on cloud accounts,

4:12 and when you're using your phone,

4:14 you're updating those cloud accounts with more information.

4:16 So, if those accounts get hacked, these actors can figure out what you're doing

4:20 on your phone without ever touching your phone.

4:22 One way to keep yourself safe is to be

4:25 mindful about how you secure your accounts in the cloud.

4:28 Make sure that you're not using the same password across different websites.

4:32 Use a password manager.

4:33 hopefully uh store that password manager on a machine

4:36 you own and not in the cloud.

4:37 This is what we do.

4:40 This is a question from IDK197283.

4:44 Anybody getting this wrong number text scams?

4:47 So the wrong number text scams is something

4:49 that a lot of people have been getting lately.

4:51 You receive a text from an unknown number and it

4:53 may say hello John and your name is not John.

4:57 After that first text they'll say oh wrong number

4:59 and then they'll try to initiate a conversation with you.

5:03 These are part of organized crime operations

5:06 that are operated out of other countries and unfortunately

5:10 they have a history of even enslaving people to force them to work these scams.

5:16 So when you receive a wrong number text scam,

5:19 I recommend that you don't interact with it.

5:21 Don't talk to the person.

5:22 Don't give them any money.

5:24 Also, don't insult them because you don't know who's on the other end and you

5:28 don't know what kind of grizzly operation is behind that text that you got.

5:33 This question is from Brick House.

5:35 Is Anonymous still around?

5:36 Lol.

5:38 Yes, Anonymous is still around.

5:39 The original people that made up Anonymous, they are older.

5:43 They have mortgages.

5:44 They have kids.

5:45 So you don't see them do the wild things that they used to do because

5:50 they have lives that they need to live

5:52 and they've moved on from those early days.

5:55 So this question is from Tai Seph.

5:58 Does SMS messages report spam do anything?

6:01 Question mark question mark question mark.

6:02 There may be a button that looks like three dots or there

6:06 might be some kind of further information button associated with that message.

6:11 So click on that button and you may see an option that says report.

6:16 When you report a message on SMS or any

6:19 other platform honestly that goes to an entire ecosystem

6:23 of cyber security employees that review that information

6:27 and aggregate it and take notes and monitor for trends.

6:31 This is one of the last jobs that's going to be automated

6:34 because this job involves essentially human conflict played out on the internet.

6:39 The scammers are continuously updating their scams

6:43 to try to bypass the anti-fraud and reporting mechanisms.

6:46 And the cyber security people are receiving these reports

6:49 and continuously updating the anti-fraud mechanisms that the platforms have.

6:54 So when you receive a fraudulent message,

6:57 be sure to hit report on those scam messages.

7:00 So this question is from the explain like I'm five subreddit.

7:04 Is there any risk in snooping around the darknet?

7:07 If you do choose to look around on the darknet,

7:10 keep in mind that the biggest danger coming

7:13 from the darknet is not necessarily coming from technical threats,

7:17 but it's coming from human threats.

7:19 I generally don't recommend that you interact with anybody.

7:22 Keep in mind that the person on the other end is likely a criminal,

7:25 and these are not normal social interactions.

7:28 These people will often try to manipulate you, trick you, scam you.

7:31 There's a lot of cyber criminal forums, socializing places, uh,

7:36 where criminals tend to hang out, talk about crime,

7:38 share tips on how to do crime.

7:40 There's also ransom websites where, um,

7:45 extortion groups will steal data from companies and threaten

7:48 companies and then leak the company's private data.

7:51 Sometimes people go on the darknet for work to track what criminals are doing,

7:56 what they're announcing, what they're bragging about,

7:58 and to keep an eye out for any

8:00 mistakes they may have made in their communications.

8:03 So, the darknet is a place of social activity.

8:07 It's definitely a dangerous forest.

8:10 If you want to wander into it, keep your eyes open.

8:12 Have someone watch your back.

8:13 Obviously, keep your software updated.

8:16 Don't download or install weird things that you find on the darknet.

8:19 You are literally interacting with criminals and mafias and hostile countries.

8:25 So this question is from K Jata 30.

8:27 Don't click the link.

8:29 Okay, I clicked it.

8:30 Now what?

8:30 You may have just clicked on a weird suspicious

8:33 link that you received over text message or email.

8:37 Sometimes people do get weird messages with suspicious links and they may come

8:41 from a legitimate sender that just may be a little bit weird looking.

8:46 So double check the sender and if

8:48 it's something that you still think is suspicious,

8:51 definitely hit the report button on the message that you got.

8:54 That way it can go into the system and cyber

8:57 security people can aggregate that and look at that.

9:00 On the device that you clicked on that suspicious link,

9:02 ask yourself when you visited that link,

9:05 did you input any of your personal information?

9:07 Did you download or install anything from that website?

9:10 Think about what happened after clicking that link.

9:13 And then that can help you understand the next steps that you need to take.

9:17 So if you put a password into that website, you need to change that password.

9:22 If you put your credit card number into that website,

9:24 you need to call your bank and get

9:26 your credit card number changed over and talk to them.

9:28 If you have downloaded or installed anything from that website,

9:32 you need to run a virus scan.

9:33 And depending on the situation,

9:35 it may be worth reinstalling your operating system.

9:38 In the best case scenario where you may have clicked

9:40 on that link and then closed out of it immediately,

9:43 your risks are a whole lot less than

9:45 if you had inputed any information or downloaded anything.

9:50 This question is from Lemon Snicks.

9:52 Does it really matter if I don't change my password regularly?

9:55 For accounts that you log into all the time,

9:58 a common practice is to change passwords approximately every 3 months.

10:02 Now, this is a lot of work.

10:04 It's inconvenient and nobody wants to do it.

10:07 If you have to pick between changing your passwords

10:10 regularly versus using a unique password on every website,

10:13 I would say put your effort towards using a unique password on every website.

10:18 Don't reuse any password across any website.

10:20 And the reason for this is uh when bad actors steal people's passwords,

10:25 they will try that same password

10:27 for the victim's account on a different website.

10:29 This is a common practice by attackers.

10:32 when you are changing your passwords,

10:35 uh you should focus on the most important accounts that you have.

10:37 So your main personal email, your work accounts,

10:40 your banking and any any accounts

10:42 that you use for communication with your friends.

10:45 Now when you change those passwords,

10:47 a good practice is to use something called a password manager where

10:51 you note down all of your accounts and all of your passwords.

10:54 And then when you update your password,

10:55 you also need to update your password manager.

10:57 Typically, when you use a password manager, you're going to use one password

11:01 to unlock everything else on your password manager.

11:04 I prefer to use the ones where you're storing

11:06 your passwords on your own machine and not in the cloud.

11:09 Aora user asks, "Are sextorion emails real?"

11:13 A lot of people will receive emails that say, "Oh, I've got your naked pictures.

11:18 Uh, give me money or else I'll send them

11:20 to your family." These are sent to millions of people.

11:23 They are counting on a small number of those millions

11:26 of people to think that it might be a real

11:29 claim because they might have a situation going on and they

11:33 are relying on those few people to pay them out.

11:35 These kinds of scams are very damaging.

11:38 Keep in mind that these claims are almost always a lie.

11:41 Don't get emotionally wrapped up into this too much and don't pay these people.

11:46 There are also sexion schemes where they may use AI to create

11:49 naked pictures of you if you are stuck in a situation like this.

11:53 It's not going to ruin your life.

11:55 Don't do anything drastic.

11:57 Just slow down, calm down, make rational decisions.

12:01 I understand that with social stigma,

12:03 it may be difficult for people to report this information.

12:06 If at all possible, please try to find someone that you

12:09 trust that you can talk to privately about this matter.

12:12 Okay, so this is coming from the explain like I'm five subreddit.

12:16 How does a government block its country's internet access?

12:19 When people are using the internet, there's only a handful of companies

12:23 in every country that provide internet access

12:27 and the government simply tells those companies

12:29 that you need to block these websites.

12:31 For example, in Iran where they're shutting down the entire internet,

12:35 the government has essentially told

12:36 the internet service providers in that country

12:39 to shut down the entire internet and under their laws, they have to comply.

12:43 International law in cyber crime is very weak right now.

12:48 It's very much where countries determine their own laws and in situations like

12:54 with Iran when they shut down the entire internet that's a less common scenario.

12:59 Most of the time countries are going to block specific websites.

13:03 Sometimes this is because the website criticized the government

13:06 and in that country it's illegal to criticize the government.

13:10 Now in western countries when they block websites it's usually because

13:14 the website may be associated with fraud or harming the public.

13:18 So the intentions behind blocking websites may also be different.

13:22 As a regular person, if you don't like your country blocking websites,

13:27 you need to get involved politically if you want

13:29 to keep the internet open and free and able to access.

13:33 A Quora user asks, "Do cyber criminals dump

13:36 their phones after committing crimes?" Yes, they do.

13:39 I have seen videos of cyber criminals smashing their phones,

13:43 running over their phones, setting their phones on fire.

13:46 It doesn't really help them.

13:47 Oftentimes, information is stored in the cloud or on different devices,

13:52 or even if a phone is smashed, the data inside of it can still be retrieved.

13:57 If the police really really need to know something,

14:00 there are forensics teams that can extract out the physical hardware,

14:04 pull out the chips and the boards and read data off of chips bit by bit.

14:10 It's very expensive, very slow, but if it's a really important case,

14:14 the police will pull out all the stops

14:16 and they'll figure out what they need to figure out.

14:19 So, this question comes from zero style.

14:21 Best security training for aging parents protecting against fishing,

14:25 rogue links, other attacks.

14:27 So, this is a very important topic.

14:29 When your aging parents are getting new phones or new devices,

14:33 you can help them set up the devices to be more locked down and more secure.

14:38 You can talk with them about how these devices can be used and make sure they

14:42 know that they can call you anytime if

14:45 they have a question or they see something weird.

14:47 Also, another important thing is new scams that are going around.

14:52 Oftentimes, these scams target elderly people.

14:55 And if you learn about some new scam that's going around,

14:58 bring that up as a topic of conversation with your parents.

15:01 This will help them protect themselves.

15:03 So, it's important to keep them educated and it's

15:07 a great opportunity to talk to your parents.

15:10 You should call your mother sometime.

15:12 So, this question is from Vision Quest 90054.

15:16 What types of cyber crime exist besides hacking?

15:19 Hacking implies a technical kind of attack,

15:22 but a lot of cyber crime that happens nowadays doesn't involve

15:25 technical skills or writing code or deploying code in any way.

15:29 Often times it involves just lying to people on the phone,

15:32 social engineering them,

15:33 tricking them into doing something that they wouldn't otherwise do.

15:37 This is a question from pure blank.

15:39 Why should I care about my data

15:41 getting stolen slashsold slashgenerally not being secure?

15:45 A common attitude that people may have is

15:48 they may not care about their data being stolen.

15:50 They may think I'm not important.

15:51 I'm not special.

15:52 The problem is if you have an income, if you have a job,

15:57 if you have anything worth stealing, you are interesting to somebody.

16:00 You may not realize in the moment how that data may be used against you,

16:05 but into the future,

16:06 somebody might come up with a new idea for this data in some kind of scheme.

16:10 when it's stolen, it's out there and it's not going to go away.

16:16 This question is from Kaylee Connors.

16:18 Why are hospitals more vulnerable to cyber threats?

16:21 So, hospitals are highly regulated.

16:24 They are using machines that are very complex

16:27 used for medical procedures and as a result,

16:31 you can't update the software very often because security patches are

16:35 not being deployed as quickly as maybe your phone might receive them.

16:39 Hospitals often times have cyber security threats that are unique to them.

16:44 Unfortunately, in addition to hospitals being more vulnerable,

16:48 the consequences are worse when the hospitals get hacked.

16:51 There are people that have had their treatments delayed or may have

16:55 died because they couldn't get treatment in a hospital because of a hack.

16:58 The cyber security situation with hospitals,

17:00 I feel, is getting worse over the years.

17:03 Cyber criminal gangs have deliberately targeted them more than they used to.

17:07 The police will often prioritize attacks

17:10 against hospitals and any cyber criminals

17:13 that are engaged in that kind of activity often get arrested more quickly.

17:18 This question is from Sakura Miku.

17:20 Is it possible to hack someone through Wi-Fi?

17:22 If this Wi-Fi is in your home and nobody else has access to your devices,

17:27 you can be a lot more confident in it.

17:29 If you're on a public Wi-Fi at a coffee shop

17:31 and there's all kinds of unknown people also on the same Wi-Fi,

17:35 there's a little bit more risk.

17:37 Now, one thing to keep in mind is the situation

17:40 is a lot better than it used to be.

17:42 The typical machine that you're going to use

17:45 will detect tampering and refuse to even operate.

17:48 Now, that said, there's a lot of innovative advanced attacks out there.

17:53 I can't guarantee that you're going to be totally safe on public Wi-Fi.

17:57 Uh but nowadays when cyber criminals are attacking uh victims,

18:01 they're using some kind of scheme where they can affect

18:03 thousands of victims and that just doesn't involve public Wi-Fi.

18:07 So a Kora user asks, could cyber terrorists be as dangerous as the gun

18:11 wielding terrorists or are they just a bunch of geeks?

18:14 So the answer is why not both?

18:16 One thing to keep in mind about the internet,

18:18 people are conditioned to not take it seriously.

18:21 But the problem is that the internet

18:24 allows you to connect globally with anybody.

18:27 So a bad actor can connect with millions of people.

18:31 If they did that with malicious intent,

18:33 that could cause harm against millions of people across the world.

18:37 And there are gangs operating nowadays that are using the internet

18:40 to commit violence and to mass recruit people into committing violence.

18:45 And this is something that governments are taking very seriously.

18:48 And I think the general public should also take seriously.

18:52 So this question is from zero edge io.

18:54 Friend asks what do hackers actually do?

18:58 Me says 70% googling, 20% reading documentation, 10% looking cool in terminal.

19:05 When I'm answering this question of what do hackers actually do,

19:08 I'm trying to describe the noncriminal version of hackers.

19:11 The term hacker is a bit confusing and controversial.

19:15 People use the same term to mean two very different things.

19:19 On one hand, hacker can be used to describe a cyber

19:22 criminal where they are abusing computers in order to abuse people.

19:27 Another way that people use the term hacking is to describe

19:32 a noncriminal person just exploring what their computer is capable of doing,

19:37 figuring out neat technical tricks that nobody else knows.

19:40 So, a common way that people may engage in hacking that is

19:45 fun and noncriminal is when kids are cheating at video games.

19:49 And I don't mean downloading cheats that someone else wrote.

19:52 I mean manipulating the memory in your computer,

19:56 maybe changing the files on your own computer, just exploring for yourself.

20:00 This is the kind of exploration that children commonly engage in.

20:04 that could be considered hacking.

20:06 But if there's no victim, it may be a safe activity to engage in.

20:10 Now, if you're a kid watching this, double check with an adult,

20:14 don't just run off and do something crazy and say that I told you to do it.

20:18 A question by swings subliminals.

20:20 The line between script kitty and hacker.

20:24 Script kitty is basically an insult.

20:26 It's used to describe people that don't

20:28 understand the systems that they're exploiting.

20:30 They don't know how to read or understand code,

20:32 but they will download exploits from the internet

20:35 and try to hack just by pressing a button.

20:37 Just because someone's described as a script kitty doesn't

20:40 mean they're not capable of doing a lot of damage.

20:42 The term hacker is a little bit controversial.

20:45 It's used by people to describe

20:47 cyber criminals that hack illegally into computers.

20:51 It's also used to describe people that work in the cyber

20:54 security industry who do not break the law but figure out innovative,

20:57 clever ways to use computers that wasn't anticipated

21:01 and use those skills to make the world more secure.

21:05 This question is from Zanzer Fine Suits.

21:07 How do companies know that hackers stole data?

21:10 And the person says, "It's not like the data disappears like if

21:13 someone steals your car, they just copy it.

21:15 How does any company know what data was actually stolen,

21:18 if any?" So there's a lot of different ways that companies know about this.

21:22 Often times with the extortion groups that are operating right now,

21:26 they will just tell the company that they stole the data.

21:29 That will also come inside of a ransom note

21:31 where they are threatening the company and demanding money.

21:34 Often times with these extortion groups,

21:37 they actually do delete the company's copy of the data as well.

21:41 Uh when they're operating these schemes,

21:43 they've realized that they can make more money

21:45 by destroying the company on the way out.

21:48 This question is from intelligent way 1288.

21:52 At what point is hacking considered illegal?

21:55 So there is a law called the computer fraud and abuse act.

21:59 It was passed in the 1980s.

22:01 It defines what is illegal computer hacking versus not.

22:06 And when police are trying to determine if a certain behavior is illegal or not,

22:13 usually the metric they go by is whether

22:16 or not the behavior is destroying someone else's property,

22:19 stealing someone else's money, causing harm to a person.

22:23 If you want to experiment with computers

22:25 and do weird things that may break a computer, do it to your own computer.

22:29 Just in general, don't be a bad person on the internet.

22:32 And that significantly reduces your risk.

22:35 This question comes from 747-269737-616E.

22:41 What's happening when two countries launch cyber attacks on one another?

22:45 So, launching a cyber attack is not quite the same as launching a missile.

22:50 Uh, it very much depends on the situation.

22:53 One thing that we've seen in recent conflicts is cyber

22:57 attacks that may be done in conjunction with a physical attack.

23:01 So, it may enhance a physical attack.

23:03 So for example, traffic cameras in a city may

23:06 be hacked and the hackers working for the nation

23:09 state may be monitoring the cameras to see

23:11 what kind of activity is happening on the street.

23:13 That knowledge may be used to inform missile strikes or an invasion of people.

23:19 This is often how we see cyber attacks play out in realworld conflicts.

23:24 This is from the privacy subreddit.

23:26 Why do police and governments have so much trouble getting into iPhones?

23:30 They have a lot of trouble getting into iPhones because

23:33 iPhones were designed to make it very difficult to get into.

23:36 It's as simple as that.

23:37 Different products available to the consumer have different design features,

23:41 different selling points.

23:43 And the people that want to buy an iPhone often want

23:47 to have a phone that's more locked down and more secure.

23:50 The people that want to buy other competitor phones like Android,

23:54 they may be more interested in the freedom to do what they want on their phone.

23:58 Now, there's trade-offs with that.

24:00 If you want to do creative, unusual things with your phone,

24:04 that opens up functionality that could also be used by governments

24:08 and police to break into your phone and pull out your encrypted data.

24:12 Do you want to have a more secure lock down

24:14 machine that you can't do a lot with, or do

24:16 you want to have a machine you can do a lot

24:18 with, but there are security risks associated with those abilities?

24:22 It's up to you.

24:24 So, this question comes from bad karma 18.

24:26 people who work in cyber security or are hackers themselves.

24:29 How do data breaches happen?

24:31 Most of the time, it's because some criminal actor figured out

24:34 an exploit that the company didn't fix yet or perhaps tricked

24:39 an employee into providing a credential or stealing a credential

24:43 from an employee and then abusing the employees access to steal data.

24:47 The answer to this question changes a lot over time.

24:50 There is a constant discovery of new mechanisms to steal

24:53 data and companies are constantly fixing all of these exploits.

24:58 So this question is from HR9383.

25:01 How does law enforcement track down cyber criminals who

25:04 use public Wi-Fi and VPNs to commit illegal activities?

25:08 So nowadays when it comes to catching cyber criminals, VPNs,

25:11 public Wi-Fi, it's not actually a barrier to catching them.

25:15 Catching them involves waiting for them to make a mistake.

25:18 Cyber criminals love to brag.

25:19 They love to show off.

25:20 There's a lot of footprints they leave behind

25:23 that may not necessarily be contained within their encrypted devices.

25:28 And often times when cyber criminals get caught,

25:30 it's because of something that has nothing

25:32 to do with encryption or data protection.

25:34 Every case is unique when it comes to catching cyber criminals.

25:38 And it's often a battle of wits.

25:41 It's quite interesting work honestly.

25:44 So this question is from dumb girl Brooke.

25:46 So, how do VPNs work?

25:48 It's like using a proxy.

25:50 So, say you have a message that you want to send to a website,

25:53 but you don't want to be the one actually sending it.

25:55 You may pass that message to someone else's machine,

25:59 say operated by a VPN company,

26:01 and then that machine will pass that message to the website.

26:04 So, a VPN is a way to hide your IP address online.

26:08 And the way that it accomplishes that is

26:10 that you're using someone else's IP address instead.

26:13 Now, there's a lot of advertisements that are going

26:15 to tell you this is how you get more secure,

26:18 but unfortunately VPNs also increase risk as well.

26:22 When you're sending all of your traffic through someone else's machine

26:25 so that you can use their IP address instead of yours,

26:28 that other person's machine may be looking at your traffic.

26:32 They may be hacked.

26:33 They may have other issues.

26:34 So, as you're making your cyber security choices,

26:38 you need to weigh all these different risks against each other.

26:41 So this question is from malware beasts.

26:44 Did shutting down cyber crime forms like raid forms

26:47 and breach forms reduce crime or just scatter it.

26:50 So the answer to that is both.

26:52 Cyber crime is something that's not going

26:54 to be solved just like regular crime in society.

26:57 But it can be reduced.

26:59 And the actual strategy of fighting cyber crime

27:03 is one where you need to both suppress it,

27:06 arrest bad actors, shut down infrastructure where bad actors are congregating.

27:11 And scattering them is a positive step forward.

27:15 Uh reducing cyber crime is also a positive step forward.

27:18 And all of these different tactics are part

27:20 of a larger strategy of fighting cyber crime.

27:23 That's all for today.

27:24 Hope you learned something.

27:25 Stay safe out there and thanks for watching cyber security support.